الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Two dimensional speckle tracking has the advantage that it allows the measurement of all principal Left Ventricle strains in an angle independent manner, thus eliminating the major limitation of tissue Doppler imaging. In strain and strain rate, by using 2D Speckle tracking imaging, through an offline analysis we measured global and regional longitudinal strain, global and regional longitudinal strain rate where measured and comparing these measures with the controls, it was found that, these parameters were impaired in the anemic group. The current study included 50 patients with anemia more than three months in duration and 20 subjects age matched served as control and all were subjected to the following: 1. Full history evaluation. 2. Full clinical examination. 3. Resting ECG. 4. Complete blood picture 5. Trans-Thoracic Echocardiography: the examination including measurement of EF (%) and FS (%), and diastolic function assessment through measurement of E wave, A wave, E/A ratio. 6. Strain and strain rate parameters were measured by using GE Vivid 9 echocardiography machine ,through an off line analysis by using 2D Speckle tracking imaging, global and regional systolic strain, global and regional strain rate were measured Subject with the following condition were excluded from the study: 1) Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction < 55%. Or any regional wall motion abnormality. 2) Arrhythmia. 3) Valvular or congenital heart diseases. 4) Pericardial diseases. 5) Endocrine or other system disease 6) D.M. The aim of this study is to identify Subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction by a reduction in longitudinal function, which can be assessed using 2Dspeckle tracking echocardiography (STE). The current study showed no correlation between the age and the studied parameters in anemia by using 2DSpeckle tracking imaging study . Regarding the correlation between the value of HGB in the group of anemia and the studied parameters, there was significant correlation between the value of H.G.B and the global systolic strain and the global strain rate as (P< 0.0001) . There was impairment of left ventricular longitudinal global and regional strain and strain rate in the anemic patient group as comparing to control group. The results of the present study have demonstrated the presence of subclinical left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients with anemia despite a normal LVEF and normal LV diastolic measures with 2D Echocardiography. The presence of anemia was an independent predictor of impairment of LV longitudinal strain and strain rate and that give more sensitivity to strain and strain rate over conventional Doppler in earlier detection of systolic function.