الفهرس 
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Abstract
Budgerigars are considered the most popular captive pet birds.In this work we aimed to clear the real prevalence of Salmonella as a zoonotic microorganism using standard microbiological techniques (SMT), PCR and statistical analysis.A total of 805 budgerigars collected from different sources (zoos, pet shops and household)were examined clinically and bacteriologically. All were apparently healthy.The prevalence of Salmonellain faeceswas (4.97%) by SMT and(8.82%) by PCRwith (100%) sensitivity and (91%) specificity.Five different serovars were reported,SalmonellaParatyphi A was the most common isolated type.Ciprofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Norfloxacinwere the most effective antibiotics. Multiplex-PCR using (invA, spvC and stn) and pooling can save time and decrease coasts. TheSalmonella isolation rate affected by seasonal variation:highly increased in Summer (13.3%), followed by Spring (11.8%, 7.8% and 8.75%) respectively, and Winter (6%), while it was completely absent in autumn.