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Abstract When urban settlements were first developed they were mainly settlements for non-agriculture activities… trading, and simple industries. Since almost all industrial communities are urban communities, then our research will concentrate on industrial communities and industrial zones as a part of an urban community. What is an industrial zones’ performance? Success of industrial zones is not defined by industry alone. We need to bridge the gap between “target industries,” as an industrial strategy, and “economic clusters,” as a geographic concept from one side, and new industrial Zones on the other side. They all could form complete policy options if the details of the new Zones could be established. Successful companies have direct supplier relations with each other. They benefit from concentrations of skilled workers, research capacity, advanced infrastructure, and “branding” as a great place to business. If opportunities for collaboration and face-to-face discussion are provided, areas with these attributes capture intellectual power and realize economies of scale through inter-firm connections rather than firm size. These concentrations are keys to define a strategy for targeting investments in skills, research, and infrastructure. In order to achieve targeted industries, activities should be unified around an economic and workforce vision that promotes concentrations of skills and business innovation. New Industrial Zone approach would suggest that one method to increase success of an industrial zone would be to more specifically direct investments in skill building, infrastructure, and other public resources into specific geographic areas with unique characteristics.Problem Definition On scanning industrial zones and industrial activities locally and globally some observations were recorded. Trying to Define The Research Problem here through those observations will direct us to ask some questions, which clarify the research problem as follows: Some industrial zones in the new urban communities in Egypt are 20 to 25 years old, but they have not reached yet their planned objectives. Since 1976, Egypt launched a very ambitious urban development program. The main objective of this program aims at redistributing population at the national level, by creating new towns in the desert regions. This policy came for the reason that the growth of metropolis cities and its consequent problems of over crowding and transportation have caused the Egyptian governorate to adopt spatial planning policies based on development away from the metropolitan area. The research problem is concerned with how to evaluate industrial zones within planned communities according to the above mentioned questions. Research Hypotheses Industrial zones within new urban communities in Egypt need new approach to be evaluated, so as to assist in the process of industrial development, in behalf of both investors and authorities. This new approach should be based on deducing benchmarks for some factors that affect the success of an industrial zone planning, through factors affecting planning as well as the relationship between those factors. Aim of the research The research aims to produce indicators that assist in: Evaluating current industrial zones in order to be improved Finding locations for targeted industries Choosing the optimum industrial zone to invest in a specific kind of industry (for investors) Choosing the location of an industrial zone (for localauthorities)Research Methodology The research followed the methodology of collecting data, analysing them, deducing common factors, and then trying to apply the conclusion on the case study (the industrial zone – 10th of Ramadan city). This methodology was following a planned path that set checking or reviewing points to allow redirecting the research to a fruitful direction according to the conclusion reached through data collection and analysis. At the first phase of the research ”Modelling” was chosen as an evaluating tool. It is proved to be inapplicable (at the scale of this research) with respect to available resources (data: specially numeric and statistical data, human resources … etc.). ”Benchmarking”, another evaluating tool was undertaken. Research Structure Part One: Theoretical Study Introduction Here the research introduces industrial zones, their importance and the need to study them. In addition to the problem definition, research questions, hypotheses, and research methodology. Chapter One: Historical Review Chapter one gives a historical review of industrial zones around the world as well as local industrial zones, how they started and how they flourished. Chapter Two: Classification of Industries And Industrial Zones Industries, as well as industrial zones are classified according to different aspects and methodologies (resources: materials and man power, size of the establishment, technology used, environmental impact, utilities…etc.). Chapter Three: Analyses of Industrial Zones Global industrial zones are chosen and analyzed. Problems and opportunities are identified considering different factors and aspects as: Planning aspect, Economical aspect, Environmental aspect, Political aspect. That’s to say, factors affecting the success of industrial zones are found out. Then, Chapter three finalizes part one by the conclusion of the theoretical study, which represent the relations between those factors affecting the success of industrial zones. An inter-relation map is drawn covering all deduced factors, whether quantitative or qualitative or true/false.Part two: Benchmarking and Implementation Chapter Four: Benchmarking industrial zones The benchmarking process is illustrated showing how it is applied. Then, this chapter covers relative weights of deduced factors, and the relations, between the different analysed fields/factors. An optimum benchmarking tool for industrial zones within industrial communities is constructed to serve all involved in the field of industry and industrial planning, (investors, authorities … etc.). Different sorts of input form and reports needed are stated. Chapter Five: ”10th Of Ramadan City” The city of ”10th of Ramadan” is introduced, analysed, and its data filled in the designed forms. The benchmarking tool is applied to the ”10th of Ramadan” industrial zone, and indicators are deduced. Results and recommendations The research conclusions and recommendations are produced. |