الفهرس 
Contemporary adhesive strategies:Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Current self-etching and latest all-in-one adhesives represent an attractive addition to the day-to-day dental practice. They are easy to use, because of their shortened application protocol. In this study three different one step self etching adhesives with different functional monomers were used. Modification of manufacturer’s application instructions (application time and application method) were investigated to detect if any improvement of bonding performance and degree of cure of used adhesives.
Two hundred eighty eight Bovine anterior teeth were extracted from sacrificed bovine jaws. The labial surfaces of the cervical half of teeth were ground to obtain flat enamel or expose dentin using 600 grit sand papers. Specimens were divided into 3 main groups 96 specimens each according to the adhesive material used A1: Futurabond M+ universal adhesive, A2: single bond universal and A3: G-aenial bond universal. Each group was divided into two subgroups (48 specimens each) according to the application time, either according to the manufacturer’s instructions or double the manufacture’s application time. Then each subgroup was further subdivided into two divisions (24specimens each) according to the application technique, active (rubbing) or passive. Finally each division will be divided into two smaller groups (12 specimens each) according to tooth substrate, enamel or dentin.
Results of shear bond strength to enamel showed that time of application and method of application had statistical significant effect on shear bond strength to bovine enamel (p=0.001, p=0.001 respectively). On the other hand, adhesive system used had no significant effect on the shear bond strength to bovine enamel (p=0.489). Results of shear bond to dentin showed that type of adhesive system used, time of application, technique of application had statistical significant effect on shear bond strength to bovine dentin (P=0.000, p=0.001and p=0.002 respectively). Results of degree of conversion showed that Type of adhesive system showed statistical significant effect on degree of conversion of self etching adhesives (p=0. 000). The application time and application technique showed no statistical significant effect (p=0.919 and P=0.683 respectively) on the degree of conversion of adhesive system.
Conclusions:
Under the limitations of this study, the following conclusions could be suggested:
Tooth substrate (enamel or dentin) has a significant influence on bonding results.
Adhesive formulations have a crucial effect on bonding performance with emphasis to dentin.
Active application combined with doubling the application time enhances the bond strength of Single Bond Universal adhesive particularly to dentin.
Modifying application technique of G-aenial bond adversely affects its bonding performance.
Degree of conversion of the used adhesives in this study is purely material dependent.
Recommendations:
Further investigations for durability of multimode adhesives are recommended in different modes.
In-vivo tests are recommended to evaluate the efficiency of these adhesives in oral conditions.
In-situ degree of conversion of self etching adhesives should be considered in future studies to investigate the effect of tooth substrate structure on the degree of conversion under different application variables.