الفهرس 
Review of LiteratureOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal disease have historically been
considered the most important global oral health burdens (101)
Different modalities have been proposed for the prevention of the
caries and periodontal disease. Bacteriotherapy is an alternative and
promising way to combat infections by using harmless bacteria to displace
pathogenic microorganisms. (41)
New methods such as probiotic approaches
(i.e. whole bacteria replacement therapy) to eliminate pathogenic members of
the microbiota are being investigated.
Probiotics have been widely used in general medicine to infer health
benefits and recently their use in dentistry was documented to decrease oral
pathogenic bacteria causing caries and periodontal disease, improve
periodontal health and other benefits are being investigated.
Vehicles used for delivery of probiotics vary as well as the strain of
the probiotics used and their concentration. The use of dairy products as a
vehicle is proved to be beneficial as a nutritional source and potentiates the
effect of the probiotics.
In the in-vivo part of our study, we tested the effect of probiotics
added to yogurt on the Streptococcus mutans count and the periodontal health
assessed by the plaque index and gingival index.
30 children aging 4 to 6 years were selected from an orphanage to fix
the factor of diet and surrounding environment.Two groups were done, 15 children in each. One group consumed
plain yogurt and the other group consumed probiotic yogurt containing the
probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis once daily for 6 weeks.
Salivary samples were collected and indices were measured for each
child at baseline, after two weeks of the beginning of intervention, at the end
of intervention and 2 weeks follow up period. Unstimulated saliva samples
were collected in hard plastic cups and transferred to the microbiology lab on
ice. The saliva was inoculated and cultured on Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin
agar and incubated for 72 hours in anaerobic conditions. The Streptococcus
mutans count was determined as colony forming units per ml and compared
between the follow up periods.
Our study showed a decrease in the Streptococcus mutans count in
both groups 2 weeks after intervention which is attributed to the effect of
plain yogurt on oral bacteria and plaque formation. At the end of the
intervention and at the two week follow up period the probiotic group
showed decreased Streptococcus mutans count compared to the plain yogurt
group and the difference was statistically significant.
The Gingival index showed statistically significant decrease in the
probiotic group while the Plaque index showed statistically significant
decrease in both the probiotic and the plain yogurt groups.
The use of probiotics added to yogurt is thus encouraged in children
as a preventive method against caries and periodontal disease.In the In-vitro part of our study we tested the inhibitory effect of the
probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis on the
Streptococcus mutans using the disc diffusion method.
The Lactobacillus rhamnosus showed a significant inhibitory effect
on Streptococcus mutans represented by a clear inhibition zone of 10 mm in
diameter while the Bifidobacterium animalis didn’t have an inhibitory effect
on the Streptococcus mutans.
The Probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis showed a positive oral
health effect when used In-vivo added to the yogurt while it showed no effect
when used In-vitro.