الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
Communication is a two-way process involving sending and receiving messages through it, knowledge, attitudes, and emotions are conveyed. It involves not only spoken or written words but also all non-verbal ways such as facial expression, eye to eye contact, and body gestures. It makes use of all senses, but hearing and vision are the senses most often used in communication.
For elders, effective communication is essential for their feeling of satisfaction, independence and well being. It provides the elders with a sense of security and reassurance that there are people who listen to them, and respect their values. Successful communication depends upon a complex interaction between sensory, perceptual, and cognitive processes. These skills develop and change throughout the life span, and thus can be compromised, especially in later life, by reduction in the performance of any or all of the component processes.
Many factors can impede communication of elders. These may be physical or psychosocial or related to the caregivers or the environment. Ineffective communication may have a negative impact on the elderly. If communication fails, elders’ needs may remain unmet, their socialization process may be disturbed and this may lead to social withdrawal, and loneliness. Also, compliance with physical care, advices, and education related to health problems; such as medication, therapeutic diet, and physical activities and follow up; may be decreased. This may increase the burden on the caregiver and consequently, affect elders’ health condition, and their quality of life. The Gerontological nurse plays an important role in enhancing communication with elders. Being in direct contact with elders give the nurse the chance to interact, observe, and identify communication problems in order to institute measures to overcome them.