الفهرس 
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Abstract
The research presents a 3-D finite element modeling for simulating
the progressive filling process of flat-bottomed square and rectangular
steel silos filled with granular materials (wheat) using ABAQUS
software. The material, silo, and base are discretized by finite elements of
type hexahedron with 8 nodes (cubic brick element) with 3 degrees of
freedom per node. An axisymmetric finite-element model is used to
represent both the stored granular material and the structure. The granular
materials are modeled using an elastic-plastic model, while the steel silo
is modeled using a linear elastic model.
In this research, the granular material was simulated by Mohr-Coulomb
model to define the yield surface and flow potential parameters for
elastic-plastic model.
Surface-to surface interface contact is used between the steel silo wall
and the granular materials to admit laws of behavior of the granular
materials and boundary conditions with the walls. (no contact elements are used). Contact pair is used for simulating the interaction between the
stored granular material and the silo wall. This interaction is between the
outer surface of granular material and the inner surface of silo wall which
applies friction properties into a mechanical surface interaction model
governing the interaction of contact pair.
The influence of mechanical properties of granular materials on the
lateral wall pressure is studied. The influence of silo dimensions on the
lateral wall pressure is investigated. The distribution of the lateral wall
pressure in the horizontal section along the silo height is studied. A
progressive filling process is conducted to fulfill actual filling process of
the silo and analyzes the static lateral wall pressure at the end of filling
which is compared to one time filling process.