الفهرس 
Adolescence and Substance Use Disorders
Definition of substance use disorders and criteria of diagnosisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 32 |  |  |
| | | from | 32 | | |
Abstract
The current study is a cross sectional case–control study. It
was carried out at the Adolescents’ substance abuse outpatient clinic,
Helwan psychiatric hospital. The sample consisted of 2 groups; a
case group, where 81 male adolescents with age range of 12-18 years
diagnosed as having substance use disorders were included in the
study. The second group was a control group which includes 80
volunteers of male adolescents matched for age, socioeconomic class
and IQ with the case group.
All participants in both groups were assessed using The Mini
International Neuropsychiatric Interview for Children and
Adolescents (MINI-KID) for Clinical diagnosis of substance use
disorder and any co-morbidities, the Arabic version was used, The
scoring system of Fahmy and El-Sherbini for measurement of
socioeconomic status was used to assess the socioeconomic status
(SES), The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and The
Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (JEPQ) were used for
assessment of personality traits, the Arabic versions were used,
Questionnaire of Parental Attitudes as Realized by Adolescents
for perceived parental styles assessment for each of fathers and
mothers.Addiction Susceptibility Questionnaire Adolescent
Version (ASQ-AV) which includes 50 items and 10 factors (self
dissatisfaction, risky behavior, non-reliability, self-exhibition,
positive thoughts toward drugs, dissatisfaction with family, poor
faith and spirituality, deviation from norms, self centeredness and
risky relationships with friends).
As regards perceived parenting our results showed that the
mothers of adolescents in the case group showed significantly higher
independence in their parenting, as well as significantly higher
consistency with their sons. While the fathers of the case group
showed very highly statistically significant rejecting parenting style,
134
also the results showed that the Paternal parenting styles of the case
group were significantly more negative compared to the control
group. Regarding addiction susceptibility our results showed that
adolescents of the case group had higher scores on applying ASQ.
Also as regards personality traits, on comparing the EPQ and
JEPQ Scores, cases had significantly higher Psychoticism and
Neuroticism personality traits respectively. While regarding
Psychiatric Co-morbidity, Comparison of the results of the MINIKID between both groups showed a very highly significant
difference between both groups where more members of the case
group met criteria of; major depressive disorder, Conduct disorder,
Oppositional defiant disorder, life time psychotic disorders and
Mood disorder with psychotic features. Also Our results showed that
the fathers of the case group who have psychiatric co-morbidity
showed more paternal rejection, meanwhile mothers of the case
group who have psychiatric co-morbidity showed more consistency
than the mothers of the control group who have psychiatric comorbidity.
The correlation between personality traits and addiction
susceptibility for the case group (substance dependent
adolescents) showed that there were statistically significant positive
correlations between Psychoticism and some sub-scales and total
score of ASQ, There was also a statistically significant positive
correlation between the Lie sub-scale of the EPQ and deviation from
norms sub-scale, In addition to a statistically significant negative
correlation between Extraversion and poor faith and spirituality.
While for the control group (Healthy control adolescents) there
was a significant positive correlation between Psychoticism and
most of the subscales of addiction susceptibility questionnaire
(ASQ) except 2 subscales, also there was positive correlation
between Psychoticism and total score of ASQ. In addition to a
statistically significant positive correlation between Extraversion
personality trait in adolescents of the control group and the sub-scale
of ASQ called positive thoughts towards drugs.
The correlation between perceived paternal parenting and
addiction susceptibility for the case group (substance dependent
adolescents) showed that there was only statistically significant
positive correlation with positive thoughts towards drugs and
statistically significant negative correlation between rejectionreceptivity subscale and dissatisfaction with family. Meanwhile
there was a statistically significant negative correlation between
total score of paternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized
by adolescents and dissatisfaction with family. While for the
control group (Healthy control adolescents) there was a
statistically significant negative correlation between dependence–
independence sub-scale of Paternal parenting of the control group
and some sub-scales and total score of ASQ. Also there were
statistically significant negative correlations between paternal
inconsistency- consistency sub-scale of the control group and some
sub-scales and total score of ASQ. In addition to statistically
significant negative correlations between paternal rejectionreceptivity sub-scales of the control group and some sub-scales and
total score of ASQ. Meanwhile the discrimination –equality subscale
of paternal parenting in the control group had statistically significant
negative correlation with some sub-scales and with total score of
ASQ. As regards the total score of paternal Questionnaire of
parental attitudes as realized by adolescents of the control group
there were statistically significant negative correlations with some
sub-scales and total score of ASQ.
136
The correlation between perceived maternal parenting
and addiction susceptibility for the case group (substance
dependent adolescents) showed a statistically significant negative
correlation between maternal rejection – receptivity and
dissatisfaction with family. In addition to a statistically significant
negative correlation between the total score of maternal
Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized by adolescents and
dissatisfaction with family. While for the control group (Healthy
control adolescents) there were significant negative correlations
between rejection-receptivity subscale of the control group and
some sub-scales of ASQ also there were statistically significant
negative correlation with the total score of ASQ. And statistically
significant negative correlations between discrimination-equality
sub-scale of maternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized
by adolescents of the control group and some sub-scales of ASQ in
addition to the total score of ASQ. As regards the total score of
maternal Questionnaire of parental attitudes as realized by
adolescents and its correlations with subscales of ASQ in the control
group there were statistically significant negative correlations with
some sub-scales total score of ASQ.