الفهرس 
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Abstract
Developing countries offer a specific unique local context with regards to urban transport. In spite of deteriorating travel conditions, car ownership continues to rise with increasing population growth and improving living standard. Under these circumstances, infinite transport demands (mainly motorized) continually increase within a finite transport infrastructure. Consequently the quality of urban life is starting to deteriorate and the street has become unpleasant.Urban public transport faces significant challenges in developing countries. The government funding is basically directed to construction, expansion and maintenance of roads, while the public transport often does not receive the same care. The implementation of public transport project may be postponed due to budget constraints, and some existing public transport lines may be canceled, on the assumption that public transport hinders the movement of private cars. Failure of government to supply organized public transport and inadequate public transport capacities compared to the increase in demand have induced the explosion and the intensive use of privately operated minibuses, microbuses, collective taxis, motorcycle taxis, which are often randomly operated under substandard and unsafe conditions. The travel situation in metropolitan areas of developing countries should be improved, and the traffic conflicts should be released. The only way is to promote safe, attractive and effective public transport. In Alexandria, for example, a lot of public transport projects are already available as results of different transportation studies. However, the decision for implementing one or more of these projects has not been taken so far because of the conflicting opinions and the lack of a mechanism for screening and prioritizing the candidate projects. The Raml Tram is the most important means of the current public transport in Alexandria, because of its excellent location, it connects the downtown area (Raml Station) with east of the city (Victoria), and go through areas with high population densities, and spreads along the track university colleges, government buildings, shops . Although, the increase of demand on the transportation there is no any development happened in the Raml Tram. The main objectives of this thesis are: (1) Analysis for the current situation of the Raml tram system (facilities-vehicle-operating system). (2) Make a survey to identify the current problems and needs of tram. (3)Prepare a set of recommendations for the upgrading of tram facility. (4)Predict the iCONCLUSIONS
Developing countries offer a specific unique local context with regards to urban transport. In spite of deteriorating travel conditions, car ownership continues to rise with increasing population growth and improving living standard. Under these circumstances, infinite transport demands (mainly motorized) continually increase within a finite transport infrastructure. Consequently the quality of urban life is starting to deteriorate and the street has become unpleasant. Urban public transport faces significant challenges in developing countries. The government funding is basically directed to construction, expansion and maintenance of roads, while the public transport often does not receive the same care. The implementation of public transport project may be postponed due to budget constraints, and some existing public transport lines may be canceled, on the assumption that public transport hinders the movement of private cars. Failure of government to supply organized public transport and inadequate public transport capacities compared to the increase in demand have induced the explosion and the intensive use of privately operated minibuses, microbuses, collective taxis, motorcycle taxis, which are often randomly operated under substandard and unsafe conditions. The travel situation in metropolitan areas of developing countries should be improved, and the traffic conflicts should be released. The only way is to promote safe, attractive and effective public transport. In Alexandria, for example, a lot of public transport projects are already available as results of different transportation studies. However, the decision for implementing one or more of these projects has not been taken so far because of the conflicting opinions and the lack of a mechanism for screening and prioritizing the candidate projects. The Raml Tram is the most important means of the current public transport in Alexandria, because of its excellent location, it connects the downtown area (Raml Station) with east of the city (Victoria), and go through areas with high population densities, and spreads along the track university colleges, government buildings, shops . Although, the increase of demand on the transportation there is no any development happened in the Raml Tram. The main objectives of this thesis are: (1) Analysis for the current situation of the Raml tram system (facilities-vehicle-operating system). (2) Make a survey to identify the current problems and needs of tram. (3)Prepare a set of recommendations for the upgrading of tram facility. (4)Predict the impact of these developments.mpact of these developments.