الفهرس 
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Abstract
Radiation therapy, although used for the treatment of head and neck cancer, yet it is a double edged weapon, as it affects the normal tissues as well.
After irradiation, damage to the oral mucosa and particularly severe morphological and functional alterations
of the salivary glands occur resulting in salivary dysfunction. Xerostomia is the main clinical effect, a common, disturbing side-effect among patients treated with high doses of I R that leads to considerable morbidity.
Both cinnamon and Curcumin functions as a free radical scavenger and reduces free radical production thus functioning as an antioxidant.
So the aim of this study was to detect the possible protective effect of cinnamon and curcumin on the submandibuler salivary glands of irradiated albino rats.
This investigation was carried out on fifty male albino rats with an average weight of 200-250gm. The rats were divided into:
I)The control group:
This group neither exposed to radiation nor received cinnamon or curcumin.
II) Irradiated Group(R G):
Ten rats were equally divided into 2 subgroups:
Subgroup R1: Subjected to 2Gy gamma radiation.
Subgroup R2: Subjected to 6.5Gy gamma radiation.
III) Cinnamon protected group (Cn P G):
Ten rats were equally divided into 2 subgroups; each of them was given daily cinnamon extract for two weeks before irradiation:
Subgroup Cn p1: Subjected to 2Gy gamma radiation
Subgroup Cn p2: Subjected to 6.5Gy gamma radiation
IV) Curcumin protected group (Cr P G):
Ten rats were equally divided into 2 subgroups; each of them was given methylcellulose suspension with curcumin two weeks before irradiation:
Subgroup Cr p1: Subjected to 2Gy gamma radiation Subgroup Cr p2: Subjected to 6.5Gy gamma radiation
V) Cinnamon&Curcumin protected group (Cn&Cr P G):
Ten rats were equally divided into 2 subgroups; each of them was given daily cinnamon&curcumin, by two weeks before irradiation:
Subgroup Cn&Cr p1: Subjected to 2Gy gamma radiation & cinnamon & curcumin.
Subgroup Cn&Cr p2: Subjected to 6.5 Gy gamma radiation& cinnamon & curcumin.
The submandibular salivary glands were surgically excised. Deparaffinized sections were stained for histological and immunohistochemical studies by the following methods:
- Haematoxylin and eosin stained sections that were examined with light microscope, for detection of histological changes in the submandibular salivary glands.
- Active caspase-3 staining, for detection of apoptosis.
The results in this study revealed evidence of histological changes as loss of acinar architecture presence of degenerated areas, hyperchromatic and pyknotic nuclei and multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles in both acinar and ductal lining epithelium. These changes were found in all irradiated groups , being exaggerated in the (Irradiated only group R G) and least found in(cinnamon and curcumin protected group Cn&Cr P G). While ( cinnamon protected group Cn P G) and(curcumin protected group Cr P G) were more or less similar to each other with slight differences.
These histological changes were maximum with higher dose of γ- irradiation (6.5 Gy) than (2Gy).
The immunohistochemical results revealed that apoptosis was maximum in( R G) appeared to be dose dependent . The least apoptotic activity in treated groups was in (Cn&Cr P G), while more positive reaction to active caspase staining was revealed in( Cr P G) than in (Cn P G).