الفهرس 
The Story of Phosphorus
Effect of dietary phosphorus on bone measurements and compositionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
This study was carried out at the Poultry Nutrition Farm,
Shalqan, Qalyubia governorate. Two identical experiments were
conducted to determine the effect of using extra Formi NDF levels in
the presence of low levels calcium (Ca) and available phosphorus (AP)
diets on broiler productive performance, plasma levels of Ca and P,
mineral retention, bone measurements, ilium histomorphology and
microbiology.
Throughout each of these two experiments, 200 unsexed 1 day
old Hubbard broiler chicks were randomly distributed into 10
treatments. There are ten dietary treatments were distributed as control,
three calcium and phosphorus levels (50, 40 and 30%) from requirement
with three Formi NDF levels first, recommended level (1.50Kg/ ton)
second diets contains 150% (2.25Kg/ ton) and third diets contained
200% (3.00Kg/ ton). Each treatment comprised of 20 chicks which were
split into 4 replicates of 5 chicks each. The results obtained from these
experiments are summarized as follows:
Experiment one:
1. Live body weight values indicated that birds fed either control diet
or diets contained 2.25 and 3.00 Kg/ ton of Formi NDF diet were
heavier than those fed (T2) or (T3) diet.
2. Body weight gain of birds fed control or diets contained 2.25 and
3.00 Kg/ ton of Formi NDF diet were larger than of those fed (T2)
diet.
3. Birds fed (T4), (T5) or (T7) diet consumed more feed than those fed
control diet, and while birds fed (T2) diet consumed the lowest
amount of feed.
4. Feed conversion ratio of birds fed either control diet or 1.5Kg/ ton
Formi NDF were better than those fed 3.00Kg/ ton Formi NDF with different Ca and P levels, while birds fed control or 1.50% NDF diet
had analogous values.
5. Mortality percent was within normal range 2.5% and occurred
within earlier age.
6. Plasma Ca concentrations indicated that birds fed either control,
(T4), (T5), (T6), (T7) or (T8) diet have higher values than those fed
1.50Kg/ ton NDF diet.
7. Plasma P levels of birds fed (T3), (T4) or (T6) diet were higher than
of those fed control diet.
8. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that birds fed either
control, (T8) or (T9) diet have higher value, whereas birds fed (T5)
diet has the lowest value.
9. Birds fed either control, (T7) or (T8) diet had higher tibia ash
percentages, while chicks fed (T6) obtained the lowest value.
10. Tibia Ca % for birds fed control, all 3.00Kg/ ton NDF groups were
higher than those fed 2.25Kg/ ton NDF.
11. Birds fed control diet recorded significantly the highest tibia P
percentage while birds fed (T8) diet recorded the lowest value.
12. Values of tibia breaking strength appeared significantly similar
among different dietary treatments.
13. Wet tibia weight percentage appeared significantly similar among
different dietary treatments. Additionally, birds fed either control,
(T5) or (T7) diet have longer tibiae than those fed other treatments.
Also, birds fed control, (T2), (T3) or (T8) diet have broader tibiae,
while birds fed (T6) diet had the lowest tibia width.
14. Birds fed control diet calcium and phosphorus per bird per day
intake and excrete higher than other treatments.
15. Ca retention percentages of birds fed all Formi NDF diets were
higher than of those fed control diet. While, the lowest Ca retention
percentages were recorded with birds fed control diets.6. P retention percentages of birds fed (T3), (T6), (T8) or (T9) diet
were higher than of those fed control diet. While chicks fed control
diet recorded the lowest value
17. Data of villi height indicated that birds fed diets contain 3.00Kg/ ton
NDF appeared the highest compared than control. On contrast, data
of villi width showed birds fed control diets recorded the widest villi
of ilium.
18. Goblet cell number of birds fed diets contain 2.25 or 3.00 Kg/ ton
NDF were the highest compared with control diet.
19. Total return values appeared significantly similar among different
dietary treatments. On the other hand, economic efficiency (EE)
factor of birds fed (T2), (T3) or (T9) diet was better than of those
fed control diet by (20.19, 2.14 or 26.20% respectively), while birds
fed (T8) diet expressed the lowest value.
20. Data of performance index (PI) indicated that birds fed control,
2.25Kg/ ton NDF or 3.00Kg/ ton NDF diets showed the significant
similar and higher than chicks other treatments.
Experiment two:
1. Live body weight values indicated that birds fed control diet or
diets contain 2.25 Kg/ ton NDF were heavier than those fed other
different diet, while birds fed (T3) diet recorded the lowest weight.
2. Data of body weight gain of birds remained similar to LBW. There
was no significant difference between all treatments except chicks
fed (T3) diet.
3. Feed consumption of birds fed control and those fed diets contain
2.25 Kg/ ton NDF consumed higher feed than chicks fed 1.50Kg/
ton NDF. Whereas, chicks fed (T3) diet consumed the lowest feed
amount.4. Data of feed conversion ratio of birds indicated that all birds were
significantly comparable values.
5. All treatments had no effect on mortality number
6. Plasma Ca levels indicated that birds fed either control diet or those
fed diets contain 2.25Kg/ ton or 3.00Kg/ ton NDF had higher levels
than of those fed (T3) diet.
7. Plasma P levels of birds fed control or (T1) diet were higher than of
those fed other treatments, whereas birds fed (T6) diet showed the
lowest value.
8. Plasma alkaline phosphatase activity indicated that birds fed (T2),
(T6), (T7) or (T9) diet have the highest value, whereas those fed
(T1), (T3) (T6) or (T8) diet remained similar as in birds fed control
diet. Also, birds fed (T4) diet showed the lowest activity value.
9. Tibia ash, Ca or P appeared significantly the highest values
compared other treatments for chicks fed control diets.
Additionally, tibia Ca percentage for birds fed control was
significantly similar with (T4), (T7) or (T8) diets. While, birds fed
diets contain 3.00Kg/ ton NDF appeared significantly similar with
control diets.
10. At same trend, tibia breaking strength values indicated that birds
fed control diet expressed parallel values with birds fed diets with
3.00Kg/ ton NDF.
11. Data of wet tibia weight percentage, tibia width values or tibia
length appeared significantly similar among different dietary
treatments.
12. Birds fed control diet recorded the highest calcium and phosphorus
intake, and excretion per bird per day.
13. Ca retention percentages of birds fed (T6) were the highest value
while, birds fed control was the lowest value.14. Data of P retention percentages of birds fed either (T2), (T3), (T5),
(T6), (T8) or (T9) diet were higher than those fed control diet. As
well birds fed control diet recorded the lowest value.
15. Data of villus height indicated that adding 3.00Kg/ ton NDF
recorded maximum ileum villus high. Contrary, using Formi NDF
reduce villus width.
16. Generally using NDF reduce ilium muscle thickness. Additionally,
birds fed (T8) recorded highest crypt depth. While birds fed (T3)
obtained the lowest value.
17. Goblet cell numbers for birds fed (T1) or (T8) diet were higher than
other treatments. While control diet recorded the lowest number.
18. Data of pH presented adding Formi NDF decreased pH in ileum
and control diet recorded the highest value.
19. Similarly, using NDF reduced total aerobic bacteria, E. coli,
Salmonella and lactobacilli numbers.
20. Birds fed (T5) diet recorded the lowest of economic efficiency
compared with control which recorded the highest value or other
treatments. However, birds fed (T3) diet recorded the lowest
performance index values.
Finally, we recommend the use of less than recommended of
both Ca and P in broiler diets supplemented with extra levels Formi
NDF, in order to reduce P emission in the environment without any
adverse effects on performance, carcass, blood and bone features
and with health gut parameters.