الفهرس 
Introduction
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Abstract
When the heart can no longer pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body, heart failure is said to be present. The increasing elderly population will result in increasing numbers of heart failure patients regardless of trends in cardiac disease morbidity and mortality. The outcomes associated with heart failure are poor; as one in five people with heart failure die in the first year they are diagnosed.
The burden of HF affects the older adults, their direct environment (such as family and friends), and society overall. HF is associated with a poor prognosis, with symptoms affecting daily functioning, and a treatment regimen that can have a major impact on the daily life of older adults and their families.
Using appropriate self-care strategies may prevent frequent hospitalization, reduce morbidity associated with heart failure and improve QOL among older adults with heart failure. Self-care behavior is well known to achieve the best possible health outcomes, prevent serious complications and consequences, and reduce the mortality rates among older adults with heart failure. Despite predictions that better self-care can positively influence quality of life (QOL), there is a lack of evidence supporting this assumption. Further investigation may help identify those vulnerable to a diminished QOL, due to an inability to incorporate self-care in management of their HF. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of self care interventions on quality of life of older adults with heart failure.
Design:
The study followed a Pre-experimental design (One group Pretest Posttest Study).
Setting:
The study was carried out in two settings namely, the out patient cardiac clinic in the health insurance hospital (Gamal Abd El naser) in Alexandria, and the residence (own homes) of the study subjects in the community in Alexandria.
Subjects:
The study included thirty (30) older adults diagnosed with heart failure for at least 6 months and fulfilling the following criteria; age 60 years and above; both sexes; classified as first, second, or third class heart failure using NYHA classification of heart failure; able to read and write; have normal cognitive function (score 24 and more on the Mini Mental State Examination Scale (MMS); have no depression (score 0 to 4 on the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS_SF); accept to participate in the study; available at the selected setting during the time of data collection.