الفهرس 
? Pathology of Breast CancerOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Conventional imaging modalities as mammography and ultrasound remain the method of choice for routine screening programs and is the first imaging aid, but conventional assessment have well-known limitations, such as inaccurate differentiation between benign and malignant lesions and estimation of the size of malignant tumors.
The sensitivity of breast MRI for the detection of cancer is the greatest of all imaging techniques but when the sensitivity of the MRI was high, its specificity was low due to overlap in features of benign and malignant lesions.
Recent developments in MR imaging technology have enabled the clinical application of DWI to the entire body, which has shown great promise for the detection and characterization of most tumor types.
Through imaging of alterations in the microscopic motion of water molecules, DWI can yield novel quantitative and qualitative information reflecting cellular changes that can provide unique insights into tumor cellularity.
With respect to breast DWI a potential role for the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), a quantitative measure that is directly proportional to the diffusion of water and inversely proportional to the tumor cellular density, has been reported to be useful for characterizing breast tumors and distinguishing malignant tissues from benign tissues.
So use of DWI as a diagnostic tool can increase the specificity of breast MR imaging and can reduce the number of false-positive results and associated unnecessary biopsies. In addition, DWI can be performed without significantly increasing examination time.
Furthermore, novel applications for DWI are under development, including monitoring of the response to neo adjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapy causes cell lysis that leads to increase in the extracellular water and so increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).
In this study, DWI had a high sensitivity and specificity with ADC cut off value 1.3 This value was specific and sensitive parameter in differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions.
It is recommended to add DWI to the MRI sequences to improve its specificity and it can be used alone combined with T2WI for cases in whom contrast agent could not be given.