الفهرس 
LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Titls thesis studies the stability of sand, gravel, and rock beaches under wave forces. The
stability of these beches is affected by their slope angle, particle grain size diameter, wave
height, wave period, approach angle, and closure water depth.
Wave attack on beaches affects their stability depending on the particle grain size diameter. For
small particle grain sizes the wave attack affects the profile development and reshape it into
different shapes. For particles of large grain size diameters, the wave attack leads to local
instability of individual particles.
The stability of beaches is investigated using a computer program, which is developed to check
whether a beach is stable or not.
In the present study, for sand and gravel beaches, there are two pivot points on the profile; the
first point, is located at the intersection of the profile with the still water level, the second
point is found at the toe of the profile. These two pivot points maintain the assumed initial slope
of the deformed profile, from which the eroded and accreted volumes between this initial slope and
the profile may be computed, and consequently the stability of sand or gravel beaches may be
predicted depending on the relative values of the net volume to the eroded volume.
For rock beaches, the stability depends on the failure mechanisms of each individual particle on
the profile. These mechanisms of failure may be categorized as: sliding, rolling, and lifting. The
stability of rock beaches is presented in a design chart collecting all the affecting variables.
from this chart the stability of rock beaches can be increased by decreasing the slope or covering
the beach by rocks with larger grain size diameter.
A solved example is given for demonstration the uses of the derived model for checking the
stability of a beach and its protection in case of the unstability.