الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate, the possible protective and enhancing
effect of exenatide and pioglitazone alone and in combinations on cognitive decline through
observing their effect on learning ability using the water maze and radial maze tasks and
evaluating the microglia cell expression and oligomer over production in insulin resistant
rats’brain. Insulin resistance was induced by giving 60% fructose syrup for 12 weeks to male
wistar rats. At the 5th week, rats received two exenatide doses (10 or 20 μg/kg) alone and in
combination with pioglitazone (10 mg/kg). The current study showed that both single and
combination treatment enhancing learning and behavior abilities in rats through significant
reduction in the beta amyloid oligomer level and down regulation of the microglia cell
expression and dedicated that the single treatment for both exenatide and pioglitazone was
sufficient to enhance memory dysfunction in insulin resistant rats. Though these two
medications may be considered promising agents in retarding early symptoms of memory
dysfunction in patients with insulin resistance.