الفهرس 
NERVE SUPPLY OF HEAD AND NECK
Mandibular divisionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Anesthesia for awake craniotomy is a well tolerated
procedure that requires an extensive knowledge of the principle
underlying neuroanesthesia and of specific strategies including
local anesthesia for scalp blockade, advanced airway
management, dedicated sedation-analgesia protocols, and
skillful management of hemodynamics
. The traditional indication for awake craniotomy has
been epilepsy surgery and, in particular, temporal lobectomy
where the excision occasionally encroaches on the eloquent
cortex (motor and speech areas). Tumour or arteriovenous
malformation surgery where the lesion abuts or invades the
speech, motor, sensory or visual cortex may also involve
intraoperative functional testing or cortical mapping,
requiring the patient to be awake
Among the various needs are intraoperative and
postoperative analgesia (induced with both local anesthesia and
systemic sedation –analgesia),adequate ventilation,systemic
and cerebral hemodynamic management,with no interference
from electrophysiologic monitoring while mapping the area of
surgical interest ,and full patient cooperation.
These possibly conflicting targets sometimes makes the
clinical practice of anesthesia for awake craniotomy
a challenging and demanding task.