الفهرس 
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Abstract
The main objectives of the present study were to use some food industrial by-products such red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace as source of natural antioxidants (phenolic compounds) and evaluate the effect of ethanolic extracts from these by-products as anticarcinogenic effect on Ehrlish ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells in female Swiss albino mice. The obtained results showed that the moisture content were 7.71%, 9.10 % and 4.22 %, , crude fat 1.51 %, 3.44 % and 19.02%, crude protein 7.25%, 5.78% and 6.98%, total carbohydrate 54.66%, 58.99% and 27.25%, crude fiber 21.70 %, 19.18% and 39.66 % and total ash 7.17 %, 3.51 % and 2.87 %, for red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace, respectively. Mango peels contain exceptionally high amounts of total polyphenols followed by red onion solid wastes revealing 9750.00 and 7270.10 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE) /100g dry powder, respectively. While, olive pomace had the lowest content 940.00 mg GAE/100g dry powder. Red onion solid wastes contain high amounts of total flavonoids 2323.70 mg quercetin equivalent /100g dry powder. In general, ethanol extracts showed these activity 90.43% 92.81% and 91.16% for red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace comparable with activity of the natural (vitamin C) and synthetic tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidants 94.71% and 94.94%, respectively; by using DPPH as free radical. Extracts of red onion solid wastes and olive pomace were found to be safe until a dose of 1000mg extract/ kg b.w mice, while, mango peels ethanolic extract was found to be safe until < 500 mg extract/ kg b.w mice. The doses 2.5, 5 and 10 extract/ kg b.w mice were found to be the most effective doses on EAC cells for mango peels, red onion solid wastes and olive pomace, respectively; treatment with red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace ethanolic extracts showed a significant decrease in the EAC cells tumor count by 51.44% and 63.19%, 66.78 % and 55.43% and 69.84% and 77.83% (p≤ 0.01) for preventive and therapeutic groups, respectively; compared to the positive control group. On the Other hand, treated with three ethanolic extracts caused a significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) level by 50.63% and 52.83%; 65.06 % and 57.58%; and 66.33% and 72.88% (p≤ 0.01) for preventive and therapeutic groups, respectively; compared to the positive control group. Also, there was a significant increase in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes activity(p ≤ 0.01) for preventive and therapeutic groups, respectively; compared to the positive control group. Also, treated groups with red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace ethanolic extracts caused a significant increase in Caspase-3 activity by 72.92 % and 502.08%; 391.67 and 106.25%; and 1027.08% and 1525% (p≤ 0.01), respectively; compared to the positive control group. Treatment of mice bearing EAC cells with crude ethanolic extract for red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace showed a significant improvement in liver function (albumin, ALT and AST enzyme), kidney function (urea and creatinine) levels (p≤ 0.01), and lipid profile (cholesterol and triglycerides levels) this levels attained nearly to the negative control group. Red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace ethanolic extracts improved liver and kidney tissues changes. So, the present work indicates that three by-products ethanolic extracts from red onion solid wastes, mango peels and olive pomace ethanolic may possess significant antioxidant and antitumor activities.Keywords: Phenolic compounds, flavonoids compounds, antioxidants activity, malonaldehyde, catalase enzymes, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma