الفهرس 
Introduction and aim of workOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
In the present study we tried to detect the prevalence of MRSA in ICU in Minia UH and IH and by different methods of typing we tried to predict the source of infection, as we took samples from three categories HCWs, patients and environment in the form of nasal swabs ,endotracheal tube secretion and swabs from different area in ICU respectively and we find that prevalence of MRSA colonization in HCWs was 11.8% and the prevalence of MRSA infection in patients was 13.3% while it is lower in environmental samples .It was noticed that the prevalence in UH was more than that in IH.
Identification of MRSA was done by gram stain,culture on different media and different methods of biochemical reaction, Antibiotic sensitivity by disc diffusion method was done and shows that most of strains were resistant to β –lactams antibiotics antibiotyping was done and revealed four antibiotypes.
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus strains were confirmed by PCR through detection of mecA gene and genetyping was done by RFLP application of coa gene, genetyping which is the most accurate method of typing revealed that there were a shared strains between HCWs and patients that indicates that HCWs were a good source for transmission of infection.
In conclusion Healthcare associated infections (HAI) remain a major cause of morbidity, mortality and excess healthcare costs. HAI contribute a considerable cost to the health care system, as well as to patients and their families with prolonged hospital stays, readmissions and additional diagnostic tests and treatment. Longer stays and higher costs result from infections caused by antibiotic resistant pathogens compared with infections due to antibiotic susceptible strains of the same species.
Measures to control the emergence and transmission of multi-resistant organisms (MROs) are necessary and beneficial to patients and healthcare facilities (HCF). Public health Organizations (PHO) must ensure that appropriate infection prevention and management strategies are implemented, evaluated for effectiveness and modified to ensure that there is a consistent decrease in the incidence of all MROs, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This clearly shows the need for formulating and implementing regular screening programs in hospitals and clinics to prevent the spread of nosocomial infections. PCR is a rapid tool for faster and definitive detection of the pathogen can be used as a routine screening test in healthcare critical settings. It is important to formulate and implement awareness campaigns, hand sanitization practices, and regular screening programs to prevent outbreaks of MRSA infection.