الفهرس 
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of different environmental pollutants in five drainage canals namely: Meet-Khamis, Belgay, Amaar , Agiena and Gamasa as well as in five irrigation canals namely: El-Sallab, Shawa, El-Tawila, Basandila and Rezka on Ipomoea carnea Jacq. collected from ten different sites located in Dakahlia Governorate.This goal is achieved by determination of the chemical characteristics of water and sediment (Hydro-soil) which were collected from the studied sites where the plant naturally growing such as: pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, chlorides, sulphates, carbonates, bicarbonates, total dissolved phosphorous, total nitrogen and cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium ions, determination of five heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Co and Zn ) in water, soil sediments and plant leaves by using atomic absorption spectrometer and assessment of the genotoxicity of the environmental variables on mitotic cell division by using some parameters as mitotic index, phase index and total chromosomal aberrations and on pollen fertility of I.carnea by using pollen abortion assay.Also, biochemical seed protein analysis for I.carnea collected from its natural habitats using SDS-PAGE technique, comparative study of DNA fingerprinting of Ipomoea carnea Jacq. in drainage and irrigation canals by using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique and ultrastructural investigation of the studied plant leaves in both drainage and irrigation canals by using Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscope.It was found that the metal concentrations at hydrosoil were higher than that in water samples and the metal concentrations in I.carnea aerial parts were higher than both water and hydrosoil samples; these results may indicate the ability of I. carnea to grow in an environment with high level of heavy metals.. A total of 62 well-defined bands were obtained. The range of RAPD-PCR products varying from 200 to 1800 bp of the 62 amplified bands, 35 were common in all study sites and 27 were polymorphic bands. The number of polymorphic bands varied from six bands in primer O19, four bands in primers O12 and A01, three bands in primers O01, O08 and A10 and two bands in primers O05 and A15. In primer O19, the band of molecular size 200 bp found only in I.carnea collected from irrigation canals so that this band could be used as a positive molecular marker for I.carnea collected from irrigation canals, while in primer A15, the band of molecular size 800 bp could be used a positive molecular marker for I. carnea collected from drainage canals but the band of molecular size 1100 bp could be used as a positive molecular marker for I. carnea collected from irrigation canals, so that these bands could be used to differentiate between I.carnea collected from drainage canals and I.carnea collected from irrigation canals. Regarding the polymorphism of all sites, the maximum value of polymorphism 66.66% recorded in primer O19.Ultrastructural studies as observed by transmission electron microscope showed mesophyll cells of the leaves of I.carnea collected from all sites were observed to be abnormal, with irregular shape, disintegrated organelles, plasmolysed, with vesiculated or granulated cytoplasm except site 8 (El-Tawila). Unknown electron-dense materials were observed on the epidermal cell wall of I.carnea leaf collected from some sites and electron-dense deposits and/or granulated bodies were observed scattered in cytoplasm or vacuoles. Big electron-dense starch grains in chloroplasts of palisade cells of site 3 (Amaar) were also observed. The cell wall of the mesophyll cells was noticed to be thickened and the intracellular spaces also filled with unknown materials which may be depositions of heavy metals. Moreover, leaf cells of I.carnea showed that the nucleus disrupted or changed its shape. Reduced nuclei with a highly condensed peripheral chromatin was observed in the mesophyll cells of all sites except site 8 (El-Tawila) and site 10 (Rezka) which recorded to have normal nuclei with a nucleolus and peripheral clumps of condensed chromatin.The observation with scanning electron microscope showed that stomata were surrounded by a cuticular wax with different striations which might be perpendicular, parallel or smooth with ridges. It was noted that, glandular and defensive types of trichomes were present, and they varied in number, size and length from site to another.