الفهرس 
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Abstract
The study was conducted on thirty five clinically healthy non pregnant experimental she donkeys of
different ages (3-10 years old), with body weight ranged between 120-150 kg. This study was done in
Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine. Zagazig
University, with acceptance of its Committee of Animal Welfare and Research Ethics.
She donkeys were divided into three main groups using different approaches for left unilateral
ovariectomy in standing position (traditional open ovariectomy, laparoscopic ovariectomy and hand
assisted laparoscopic ovariectomy). The open and laparoscopic groups classified into three sub
groups according to the methods of hemostasis of mesovarium using electrocautery device, clip
applier and ligating loope. On the other hand, in the third group (hand assisted laparoscopic
ovariectomy approach) ligating loope technique was performed to achieve mesovarium hemostasis. So,
seven different subgroups for mesovarium hemostasis (each of five animals) were used for conduction
of this work.
Pre and post operative physical, clinical, ultrasonographic examinations and hematological analysis
were done on she donkeys. Postoperative laparoscopic evaluation of the pelvic cavity and postmortem examination of the surgical area in addition to histopathological examination of
the removed ovaries and mesovarium stumps at day 30 postoperatively were done.