الفهرس 
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Abstract
The current study aimed to elucidate the antidepressant effect of some oils containing omega-3 and omega-6 and compare their effect with a widely used antidepressant drug (fluoxetine) by regulating normal function of three monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin ’’5-HT’’, norepinephrine ’’NE’’ and dopamine ’’DA’’).
Accounted for their effect brain tissues (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) are homogenized to estimate the three monoamine neurotransmitters. Four oils of the most common oils used in our population are used. These oils are flaxseed, olive, sunflower and corn oil.
Animals were divided into two main groups:
group I (GI): Control group:
Includes 60 rats which were subdivided equally into 6 subgroups.
Rats were orally administrated with its treatment dose as:
GI-a: Normal control subgroup: with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) at each of the tested time intervals.
GI-b: Linseed oil
GI-c: Sunflower oil
GI-d: Corn oil
G1-e: Olive oil
GI-f: Fluoxetine
group II (GII): Depressed group : Includes 60 rats. Rats were received a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of reserpine (0.1 mg/kg body wt. ) for 2 weeks to establish the animal model of depression according to (Jancsar & Leonard, 1983). Starting from the 15th day, rats were orally administrated with its treatment dose, one hour after the injection of reserpine, daily, for 30 days, as:
GII-a: with saline as untreated model.
GII-b: Linseed oil treated subgroup.
GII-c: Sunflower oil treated subgroup.
GII-d: Corn oil treated subgroup.
GΙΙ-e: Olive oil treated subgroup.
GII-f: Fluoxetine treated subgroup.
After 30 days of daily treatment with the previous treatments, the following studies were made:
1-Neurochemical studies: 5-HT, NE and DA were detected in brain homogenate (cerebral cortex and hippocampus homogenates).
2-Biohemical studies: cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol and triglycride (TG) were measured in serum.
3-Behavioral studies: immobility time was measured to evaluate the antidepressant effect of different treatments.
The results of the present work were as follows:
1-Neurochemical studies:
1- Intraperitoneal injection of reserpine for 45 days resulted in significant depletion in cortical and hippocampal mononamine neurotransmitters concentrations.
2- Oral treatment with linseed oil, olive oil, corn oil and sunflower oil for 30 days resulted in significant increase in cortical and hippocampal mononamine neurotransmitters concentrations.
3- Oral treatment with fluoxetine for 30 days resulted in significant increase in cortical 5-HT, NE concentrations while it produced no change in the cortical DA concentration. On the other hand, it resulted in significant increase in hippocampal mononamine neurotransmitters concentrations.
2-Biohemical studies:
1- Intraperitoneal injection of reserpine for 45 days produced no change in the serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG.
2- Oral treatment of normal control rats with linseed oil for 30 days produced no change in the serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG while it resulted in a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol. However, Oral treatment of reserpinized rats with linseed oil produced no change in the serum cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG.
3- Oral treatment of normal control and reserpinized rats with olive oil for 30 days produced no change in the serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG.
4- Oral treatment of normal control rats with corn oil for 30 days produced no change in the serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG while it resulted in a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol. However, Oral treatment of reserpinized rats with corn oil produced no change in the serum cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG.
5- Oral treatment of normal control rats with sunflower oil for 30 days produced no change in the serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG while it resulted in a significant decrease in HDL-cholesterol. However, Oral treatment of reserpinized rats with sunflower oil produced no change in the serum cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG.
6- Oral treatment of normal control rats with fluoxetine for 30 days produced no change in the serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol concentrations but it resulted in a significant decrease in the TG concentration. On the other hand, Oral treatment of reserpinized rats with fluoxetine produced no change in the serum cholesterol, HDL- cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TG.
3-Behavioral studies:
1. Intraperitoneal injection of reserpine for 45 days induced a significant increase in the duration of immobility time in the fored swim test.
2. The daily treatment of reserpinized rats with linseed oil, olive oil, corn oil, sunflower oil and fluoxetine for 30 days restored the significant increase in immobility period induced by reserpine to normal control like values.
In conclusion, the treatment with the selected oils significantly ameliorates the depression induced by intraperitoneal injection with reserpine as indicated by marked improvement in the mononamine neurotransmitters concentrations. These results represented a novel therapeutic treatment for depression.