الفهرس 
INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEWINTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEWOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The utilization of the rice straw and waste cooking oil have enormous benefits, including, promising source for lubricating grease, minimizing hazards, reducing waste, protecting the environment, conserving natural resources, and creating an energy source as the energy shortage is becoming a global problem.
Pruning of the very large quantities of rice straw which amount to about 3.28 million ton per year causes a series environmental problem. The utilization of rice straw as thickening and filling agents in the production of lubricating grease constitutes, therefore, one of the major outlets in this respect. On the other hand, this could be considered as a novel application in the area of lubricants manufacture. In the present investigation, the physicochemical characteristics of the rice straw sample were determined. This was followed by treating with sodium hydroxide solutions of different concentrations for a different period ranging from 2 to 6 hours at varies temperatures of 80 oC. to 120 oC Furthermore, vegetable oils have significant potential as a base fluid . In this respect, waste cooking oil was used as a substitute of the fresh vegetable oil. The physicochemical properties of the waste cooking oil were also investigated. Accordingly, the optimum yield from treated rice straw (TRS) and waste cooking oil (WCO) were both utilized in the preparation of such lubricating grease. The physicochemical properties of these formulations were evaluated according to National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) and Egyptian Standard (ES). It was found that the obtained greases have promising results from the economical and environmental aspect.