الفهرس 
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Abstract
Dry eye is the most frequent disorder in ophthalmology (Boyd, 2001). It has been estimated that about 3.23 million women and 1.68 million men, for a total of 4.91 million Americans 50 years and older have dry eye (Miljanovic et al, 2007).
Prevalence of dry eye is higher in women (17%) compared with men (11.1%) across all ages (Moss et al., 2000). KCS associated with Sjogren’s syndrome is believed to affect 1-2% of the population, and 90% of those affected are women. No known racial predilection exists (Ekong et al., 2004). The odds for dry eye increased 35% for each additional 10 years of age (Moss et al., 2000).
Dry eye syndrome is a frequent postoperative complication of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) (Yu EYW, et al 2000). Although estimates of the incidence of dry eye syndrome vary widely(from 3–59 %) (Jabbur NS,et al. 2004), almost all patients will have transient dry eye during the immediate postoperative period.(Levinson BA,et al 2008) These symptoms, such as mild irritation, foreign-body sensation to pain, photophobia, and fluctuating visual acuity between blinks, are considered to be associated with severing of the corneal nerves in LASIK surgery. (Ambrosio R Jr, Tervo T, Wilson SE 2008) Corneal flap creation and ablation of the stroma during LASIK cause the innervation damage to afferent sensory nerves, which can produce a relative loss of corneal sensation. This loss of sensation appears to be a significant contributing factor to the reduction in tear secretion, tear film stability, blink rate, and conjunctival goblet cell density. (Situ P, Simpson TL, et al 2008)
This study is prospective, interventional, non-comparative, non-randomized case series, conducted from June 2013 to May 2014 in Oyoun Masr LASIK center,Sohag ,Egypt. 104 eyes of Fifty three myopic candidates (14 males, 39 females) were included in the study. The mean age was 27.4 years (range 21 to 45 years) , The mean spherical equivalent (SE) -6.38 Diopters (D) (Range -1.75 D to -12.00 D) , with mean K average 43.516 Diopters (D) (Range 39.50 D to 47.80 D) and mean ablation depth 88.85 microns (µm)(range 31 µm to 150 µm ). Candidates were screened pre operative to exclude dry eye by BUT and Schirmer 1 test. Pentacam was done pre operative and 1 months post. operative. The surgery was performed By Allegretto Wave® Eye-Q 400Hz excimer laser. A 9.5 mm diameter suction ring (Moria M2) and a110 µm microkeratome head (Med Logics, USA) used for all patients.The refractive ablation was performed with a 6.5 mm ablation zone and a peripheral ablation zone to 9 mm. Follow up was at 1 , 3 and 6 months.