الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was conducted at turkey research branch, Mahallet Moussa Research Station, Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, to study the possibility to find antibiotic alternatives in turkey diet by using effective microorganisms (EM®), during the growth period from 2 to 24 week of age, on growth performance, blood parameters, histological changes in liver and intestine and economic feed efficiency. The experimental period (from 2 to 24 wk) were divided into two stages, the first stage from 2 to 12 wk (poults) and the second stage from 12 to 24 wk of age (males and females). Birds during all experimental period were fed basal diet supplemented with EM at levels of 0 (G1), 5 (G2), 10 (G3) and 15 (G4) ml/kg diet, and antibiotic (Lincomycin®) at a level of 2 g/kg diet (G5). Growth performance, including live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio were recorded in each group at 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20and 24wk of age. Also, body measurements including keel length, breast width and shank length were recorded at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 week of age. Blood samples were collected at the end of the first stage of the experimental period (12 weeks of age), to evaluate hematological parameters, including count of red (RBCs) and white (WBCs) blood cells, hemoglobin concentration (HGB), package cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscle volume (MCV) and mean corpuscle hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). At the end of the second stage of experimental period (24 weeks of age) blood biochemical, including total proteins (TP), albumin (AL), globulin (GL), AL/GL ratio, creatinine, uric acid, total lipids (TL), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL and LDL concentrations as well as enzyme activity (AST, ALT and ALP) were determined in blood plasma of birds. Histological samples from liver and small intestine (jejunum) were taken to examine the histological and histo-morphology at the end of experimental period (at 24 weeks of age .In conclusion, using effective microorganisms (15 ml EM/kg diet) instead of antibiotics (2 g Lincomycin/kg diet) as growth promoters in diet during the growing period (2-24 weeks of age) had beneficial effects on growth performance, healthy status and economic feed efficiency of turkey birds, in particular, female birds.