الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was designed to assess of the biochemical, histological and immunological effects induced by amphetamines, orlistat and the two in combination on obesity in male albino rats fed on high fat diet.
Histopathological studies on liver and kidney indicated that rats administrated with high fat diet showed a high dilatation and congestion in the central vein in the liver, highly vacuolated hepatocytes with fatty degeneration, compression in the liver sinusoids, presence of necrosis, and necrotic foci. Kidney showed destruction of the glomerulus, widened urinary space, tubular necrosis and hemorrhage.
Rats administrated with amphetamine elucidated dilatation and congestion in the central vein and liver fatty degeneration. Kidney showed shrinkage of Malpighian corpuscles, glomerulus destruction, tubular degeneration and hemorrhage.
While in the rats treated with orlistat, central vein of the liver is slightly dilated and congested with hemolyzed blood, and fatty degeneration in hepatocytes and kidney showed hemorrhage, degeneration in renal tubules, and atrophied glomerulus.
Therefore, histological studies of the liver revealed that the orlistat treatment maintained on the normal morphology of liver when compared with obesitic rats. Immunofluorescence studies with p53 gene indicated that orlistat protect â- cell from cytokine induced dysfunction and death through inhibition specific nuclear factor-êâ activity, which was more visible in the nuclei of the liver in obesitic rats than treated ones.
Immunohistochemical studies on liver and kidney sections showed different expressions and reactions for p53 immunostaining. In the liver and kidney sections, normal control rats did not express p53 (negative activity). In contrast, liver and kidney sections of high fat diet rats showed strong expression for p53 protein (high positive activity), while, the kidney sections of the amphetamine treated group showed moderate positive activity. On the other hand, the liver sections of rats treated with amphetamine showed high positive reaction, but, the group of rats treated with orlistat showed strong reduction in p53 expression in liver and kidney sections (low positive activity). When amphetamine was administrated with orlistat, there was moderate positive activity for p53 immunostaining in hepatocytes and renal tubules.