الفهرس 
Introduction
RBC antigens and antibodiesOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Aim of study : The aim of this work is to study the frequency of red blood cell allo and auto antibodies in multi-transfused thalassemic patients and to determine the most clinically significant of them. Materials and Methods: The present study comprised 65 multitransfused thalassemic patients. They were 33 males and 32 females. All were subjected to laboratory tests for blood group antigens (ABO), and (Rh system). They were also subjected to alloantibodies and autoantibodies screening and identification.of failure. Result: • An alloimmunization incidence rate of (23.1 %). • Autoimmunization was found in (9.2%). There were no available data about the time from the start of transfusion to antibody formation. • There was significant association between presence or absence of RBCs immunization and the age of first transfusion. The earlier blood transfusion begins, the less RBCs immunization occurs. This may be due to immunological tolerance. • No relation between sex and RBCs immunization of the patients. • There was no significant association between number of transfused blood bags and alloantibody or autoantibody formation. • The most frequent alloantibodies found in our study were KEL related (12.3 %) followed by Rh related (6.1 %). • In our study, we found simultaneous alloantibodies and autoantibody formation in 4 patients. • There is a significant association of splenectomy and presence of RBCs immunization. Conclusion from the present study in order to minimize the hazards of blood transfusion, especially the immunological reactions the following could be done, pre transfusion matching of blood for ABO and Rh D antigens is important as a routine work, which help in determining the true blood groups and it assisted in the identification of suspected alloantibodies and selection of antigen-negative RBCs for transfusion. Extended phenotype matching of blood for Rh (other than D) and Kell have been proposed as effective method which could reduce morbidity in thalassemic patients.