الفهرس 
LithostratigraphyOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The stratigraphy, micropaleontology and paleoecology of the Upper Cretaceous to the Lower Paleocene
sediments exposed in Themed and Magmer areas are the main target of the present study.
Lithostratigraphically the studied successions are differentiated into six formations arranged from
base to tbp as follows: .
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1)-Abu Qada !formation: It is only exposed at Garf El-Themed area, section (T-2) and
measures 67.5 m. thick. The lower 35 m is. mainly composed of egg yellow, fossiliferous marls
flooded with large-sizbd ammonites (Ammonite Bed) at the base, while the upper 32.5 m is composed
of grey to grben, nonfossiliferous shale rich in gypsum veinlets at the base.
2)-Wata FonnJtion: This ;ormation is exposed in both Magmer and Themed areas. It measures 75 m
thick at: Gebel Magmer, section (M-1 ), and 30 m. thick at Garf El-Themed area, section (T-2). It
is mainly composed of stylolitic, fossiliferous limestones and chalky limestones with calcite and
chert nodules in some parts and traces of Thalassinoides burrows.
3)-Matulla Formation (Coniacian-Santonian): This rock unit is well exposed in Gebel Magmer area,
section J (M-1) and measures 57.5 m thick. It is confonnably overlies the Wata formation and
underlies the sudr Chalk. It is mainly composed of fossiliferous, glauconitic marls, shales, and
silty IT imestones.
4)-Themed FJmation: The formation is well exposed in Themed area. It measures 50 m thick at Themed
Village, section (T-1), and 55 m thick at Garf El-Themed, section (T-2). It is unconformably
ovetlies the Wata Formaion, and conformably underlies the Sudr Chalk. It
differs from its chronot’ogically equivalent Matulla Formation i n i ts carbonate nature instead
of
the elastic nature of Mdtulla Formation.
5)-Sudr Chalk: It is exposed in the two studied areas. It is conformably overlies the Matulla I
Themed Formtion, and unconformabl y underlies the Esna Formation. It measures 60 m.thick in Magmer
atea, section (M-2); 30 m thick in Themed area, section (T-1) and 40 m thick in Garf El-Thenhed
area, section (T-2). It is subdivided into two members; a lower Markha Mem ber and an upper
Abu-Zenima Member. It is mai nly composed of pink ish whi te, snow whi te to greyish whi te,
fossiliferous chalky limestones with thin shale intercalations, and chci”t nodules at some parts.
6)-Esna Shale: The lower 16 m thick of this rock-unit is studied in Magmer area, section (M-2).
It is oyerlies unconformabl y the Sudr Chalk, and underlies conformably the
. Lower Eocene Thebes Formation. It is composed mainl y of dark green to grey shale flooded with
both planktonic arld benthonic foraminifera.
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Micropaleontologically, 246 foraminiferal species are recorded, of which 173 are benthonics
belonging lo 71 genera, 29 subfamilies, 36 fami lies and 23 superfamilies. 73 are
planktoni c species belpnging to 27 genera, I 0 subfami l ies, 1 1 fami lies and six superfamil
ies. These in addition to 12 ostracodal species belonging to 36 genera, 12 subfamilies, 10 families
’and three superfamilie . These species are systemat icall y discussed, scaning photographed and
shown on 25 plates.
Biostratigraphically, the stratigraphic distribution of the marker foraminiferal and ostracodal
species led to the recognition of 12 planktonic and eight benthonic forami niferal biozones besides
10 ostracodal biozones from Magmer area, sections (M-1) & (M-2) covering
a time interval from the’
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Late Turonian to the Early Paleocene. These in addition to six
planktonic and six benthonic foraminiferal biozones besides 10 ostracodal biozones from
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Themed area, sections (jf-1) & (T-2) covering a time interval from the Early Turonian to the
Late Campanian. These biozones are arranged from base to top as follows: A-Ma gmer area. I
..
i)-Planktonic biozones.
1 2- Praemurica tr/nidadensis (Lower Paleocene).
1 1 -Parasubbotinal pseudobulloides (Lower Paleocene). 10-Abalhomphalus mayaroensis (Upper
Maastrichtian). 9- Ga1isserina gar!sseri (Middle Maastrichtian).
8- Globotruncana aegypliaca (Lower Maastrichtian). 7- Globolruncana ventricosa (Upper Campanian).
6- Contusolruncana fornicata cesarensis (Lower Campanian). 5- Conlusolruncaha fornicata (Upper
Santonian).
4- Concavalotrunbana concavata (U. Coniacian - L. Santonian). 3- Concavatotrunbana primitiva
(Lower Coniacian).
2- Barren lnterzotle (Upper Turonian).
1- Marginotruncdna sigali (Upper Turonian).
1”1)-Bent1101I1.1c b’10zones.
8 -Guvelinella dan’ica (Lower Paleocene).
7-Bolivinoides drbco (Upper Maastrichtian).
6-Bolivinoides mil’iaris (Lower Maastricht ian).
5 -Bolivinoides deboratus (Upper Campanian). 4-Globorotalites Jonicus (Lower Campanian).
3-Discorbis bakrnsis (Coniacian-Santonian). 2-Barren lnterzon (Upper Turonian).
1 -Discorbis turonlcus (Upper Turonian) .
. iii)-Ostracbdal biozones. .
1 0-Pontocyprella lrecurva (Lower Paleocene).
9- Barren interzone (Upper Masstrichtian). .
8- Pelrygocyt herk gr. pulvinata (U.Campanian-Maastrichtian). 7- Barren interzobe (Campanian).
6- Brachycyt here: sapaucarensis (Upper Santonian).
5- Bythocypris windhami (U. Coniacian - L. Santonian).
4- Cythereis rawclshensis rawashensis I Metacytheropteron pagana (L. Coniacian). 3- Ovocytherided
reniformis (Upper Turonian).
2- Neocyprideis andenboldi (Upper Turonian). 1- Cytherella eos)ulcata (Upper Turonian).
B-Themed area. slction CT-1 ). i)-Planktohic biozones.
4- Globotruncand venlricosa (Upper Campanian).
3- Contusotruncaka fornicata cesarensis (Lower Campanian). 2- Hedberge!la hbnsbolli (Upper
Santonian).
1 - Concovatolrunbana concavata (U. Coniacian - L. Santonian).
i i)-Benthonic l:liozones.
3 -Bolivinoides decora!us (Upper Campanian).
. . I .
2-Globorotalites conicus (Lower Camparnan).
1 -Discorbis bakrensisl (Coniacian-Santonian).
iii)-Ostracodall biozones.
6-Protobuntonia num!dica (Upper Campanian),
5 -Mauritsina provenc ’ialis (Lower Campanian)
4-Trachyleberis zululhndensis (Upper Santonian).
3-Bythocypris windhdmi (Coniacian-Lower Santonian).
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2- Barren Interzone (<Coniacian-Santonian).
1 -Cythereis rawasheAsis (Coniacian).
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C-Garf El-Themed area, section (T-2) i)-Planktonic ;biozones.
6- Globotruncana ve’ntricosa (Upper Carnpanian).
5- Contusotruncana Jornicata cesarensis (Lower Campanian). 4- Hedbergella hansbolli (Upper
Santonian).
3- Concavalotrunca a concavata (U. Coniacian - L. Santonian). 2- Barren interzone Q’ Lower-Upper
Turonian).
1- Whiteinella archd eocretacea (Lower Turonian).
1·1·1-Bent 11onw. I b”10zones.
6 -Bolivinoides deco1[a1us (Upper Campanian). 5-Globorotalites conicus (Lower Campanian).
4-Discorbis bakreniis (Coniacian-Santonian). 3 -Discorbis luronicls (Upper Turonian).
2-Barren interzone
’Lower Turonian).
1 -Cuneolina conica/ (Lower Turonian).
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iii)-Ostracodal biozones. ·
5- Brachycythere s4paucarensis (Upper Santonian).
4- Bythocypris winCihami (Coniacian - Lower Santonian). 3- Neocyprideis vw\denboldi (Upper
Turonian).
2- Barren interzone/ (Lower Turonian).
1- Cyrhereis rawashensis kenanensis (Lower Turonian).
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Chronostratigraphically, the marker forarniniferal and ostracodal species helped in
subdividi ng the studied I Lower Turonian - Lower Paleocene successions in Themed and Magmer areas
into ten time stratigraphic uni ts. These units were arranged from base to top as follows:
j
1 )-Early Turoniarn It is recorded in Garf El-Themed area, section (T-2) and represented by 67.5
m. thick of marls 1nd shales, correspond to the Abu Qada Fonnaton.
· ?)-Late Turonian.( It is represented by the whole Wata Formation. It measures 75 m. thick in
Magmer area, sec ion (M-1) and 30 rn. thick at Garf El-Themed area, section (T-2).
3)-Early Coniaci L. It is represented by the lower 12 m. thick of the Matulla Formation at Gebel
Magmer, sectiod (M-1).
4)-Late Coniacian and Early Santonian. These· arc represented in both Magmer and Themed
areas being represented by 28.5 m. thick of the Matulla Formation in Magmer area, section (M-1).
In Themed rea, section (T-1) it measures 33 m. thick and 40 m. thick of the Themed
Formation in sectiod (T-2).
5)- Late Santonian. It is recorded in both Magmer and Themed areas. In Magmer area, section (M-1)
it is represented by the upper 17 m.thick of the Matulla Formation. In Themed area, section (T-1)
it is reprsented by ti1e upper l7m. thick of the Themed Formation and al so the upper 15 m thick of
the shme formation in section (T-2).
6)-Early Campanianl This uni t is represented by the lower part of the Markha Member of the Sudr
Chalk in Magb1er and Themed areas. It measures I 0 m. thick at Magmer area, section (M-2) and
another m. thick at Themed Village, section (T-1), while it measu res 17.5
m. thick at Garf El-Themed area, section (T-2).
7)-Late Campanian. It is represented by the upper part of the Markha Member of the Such- Chalk. It
measures 15 m. thick at Magmar area, section (M-2), while it measures 20 m.
thick at Themed area, sectio1n (T-1) and 22.5 m. thick in section (T-2). ·
8)-Early Maastrichtan. It is only represented in Magmer area, section (M-2) and measures 12 m.
thick coJTeponding to the lower part of the Abu-Zeneima Member of the Sudr Chalk.
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9)-Middle to Late Masstrichtian. The upper 23 m. thick of the Abu-Zeneima Member of the Sudr Chalk
at Magmer hrea, section (M-2) belong to this unit.
1 0)-Earl y Paleoce1l. It is represented by the lower 16 m. thick of theEsna Shale at Magmcr area,
section (M-:i).
Palcoccologically, the environmental analysis carried out on the studied rocks partici pated
in subdivision the Upper Turonian - Lower Paleocene sequence at Magmer area into eight
paleoecologic ul1its ranging from shallow inter to deep outer neritic environments .. It
could be arranged from basIe to top as follows:
U nit-! : (Upper Turlonian) deposited under shallow inner neritic environment (<20 m depth).
U nit-2: (Upper Tmonian) deposited under deep inner neritic environment (20-30 m depth).
Unit-3: (Upper Turonian) deposited under shallow flat bottom with warm water inner
neritic env\ronment far from the elastic supply (10-20 m depth).
U ni t-4: (Coniacian1-Santonian) suggest deposition under shallow mid dle shelf environmdnt (40-60
m depth).
U nit-5: (Coniaciad-Santonian) suggest a deep inner shelf environment (20-30 m depth).
U nit-6: (Campanian) deposited under shallow outer neritic environment (I00-1 50 m depth). I
U nit-7: (Maastricltian) suggests a deposit ion under a deep outer neritic environment (150-200 m
depth).
U ni t-8: (Lower Ptlleocene) deposited under shallow middle neritic environment (40-60 m depth).
At Garf El-Themed area, section (T-2) the studied Lower Turonian to Campanian sequence was
classified intd six ecozones ranging from intertidal to shallow outer neritic environments. These
units wel·e arranged from base to top as follows:
Unit-1: (Lower Turoni’an) deposited under shallow to deep middle neri tic
enviro1m1ents :(30-100 m depth).
Unit-2: (Lower Turonian) deposited under intertidal environment.
” U nit-3: (Upper Turoni’an) deposited under shallow inner neritic environment (10-20 m
depth).. I
Unit-4: (Coniacian-Santonian) suggest a deep inner shelf environment (20-30 m depth). . I
· .
Unit-5: (Coniacian-Santonian) suggest a deep middle neritic environment (60-100 m depth). /
U nit-6: (Campanian) ileposited under shallow outer neritic environment ( 100-150 111
depth).
At Themed Village, section (T-1), the recorded Coniacian to Campanian succession was subdivided
into three paleoecologic units ranging from shallow middle to deep outer neritic enviro1m1ents.
These units were arranged from base to top as follows:
Unit-! : (Coniacian-S1ntonian) deposited under shallow middle shelf environment (40- 60 m depth). [
Uni t-2: (Santonian) suggest a shallow outer neritic environment (100-150 m depth).
Unit-3: (Campanian) deposited under deep outer neritic environment (150-200 m depth).