الفهرس 
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Abstract
The low survival of Hepatocellular carcinoma HCC patients is attributed to late diagnosis when no therapy is effective. A condition which highlights the urgent need for novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC in order to improve prognosis and survival rates significantly.
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical utility of serum levels of LAMP2 gene and lncRNA-CTBP expression as non invasive biomarkers in diagnosis of HCC by quantitaive Real Time -PCR and to correlate the expression of both markers to the various clinico-pathological parameters. This was done in an attempt to evaluate their role in HCC assessment and their use as potential selected diagnostic biomarkers.
Seventy subjects were used and classified into three main groups; Group1: 35 Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases with median age 58 years, group 2: 16 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cases with median age 56 years and. group 3: 19 Healthy normal individuals with median age 55 years. Subjects were subjected to full clinical and radiological examination preceded by complete history taking and routine laboratory investigations including liver function tests, erum AFP and INR. Evaluation of LAMP2 gene and lncRNA-CTBP expression in serum samples was performed by real time PCR in relation to ACTB as the housekeeping gene in all samples.
Results revealed significant positivity of LAMP2 gene expression and lncRNA-CTBP in serum samples of the malignant group as compared to CHC group.Using ROC curve analysis were set as cut off values for LAMP2 gene expression and LncRNA CTBP respectively to discriminate malignant from non malignant cases. In early stage liver Cancer cases, sensitivity of LAMP2 gene expression and lncRNA-CTBP by quantitative real time PCR were 93.1% and 93.1% respectively and the combined sensitivity of LAMP2 gene expression and lncRNA-CTBP with AFP was 100%. A highly significant negative correlation was found between the two investigated biomarkers LAMP2 gene expression and LncRNA CTBP among all study groups.
In conclusion, the results Support our previous hypothesis that LAMP2 gene expression and lncRNA-CTBP might play an important role in early detection of HCC and thus could be used as non invasive biomarkers in combination with AFP to improve the sensitivity of HCC diagnosis.