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Abstract Nanomedicine is application of nanotechnology in medical field. This application offers numerous very promising possibilities to significantly improve medical diagnosis and therapy. Nanomedicine applications include three main fields: A) Target drug delivery which aim to minimize chemotherapeutic agents adverse effects and high drug efficacy B) Diagnostic imaging which aim to make early diagnosis of many diseases at nanoscale stages, so provide early treatment and intervention C) Therapeutic and regenerative application which offer non-ordinary solutions for chronic untreatable diseases. Nanomedicine focus on the patient needs; it aim for meaningful improvements in areas that contain the most severe challenges in future healthcare appropriate to the technology. Diabetes Mellitus (DM), End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD), Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases take attention in nanomedicine For DM many applications were developed starting from oral insulin using nanoparticles to artificial pancreas became an existing device called Bihormonal Closed-Loop Artificial Pancreas (Bionic Pancreas) For ESRD wearable artificial kidney is under development in final stages For Cancer use of target drug delivery using nanoparticles and early diagnosis at nanoscale level. Early diagnosis, nanotechnology could be used to realize new in vitro diagnostic tests for atherosclerosis or even for the presence of highly unstable plaque. Target drug delivery and intelligent stent intelligent as Nano-biomaterials with the ability to attract local adult stem cells or cultured cells to the site of injury, providing cell therapy that should improve heart function and decrease mortality for patients with severe heart insufficiency.For cardiovascular diseases Early diagnosis, nanotechnology could be used to realize new in vitro diagnostic tests for atherosclerosis or even for the presence of highly unstable plaque. Target drug delivery and intelligent stent intelligent as Nano-biomaterials with the ability to attract local adult stem cells or cultured cells to the site of injury, providing cell therapy that should improve heart function and decrease mortality for patients with severe heart insufficiency. |