الفهرس 
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Abstract
The presence of a limb deformity alters the proper transmission of forces across adjacent joints In the knee and ankle. Proximal tibial deformities could be corrected by either acute or gradual correction. Gradual correction by Ilizarov external fixator is considered the best option in treatment of complex or severe deformities of the lower limb. This is a retrospective study for evaluation of short term clinical and radiological results of Ilizarov external fixator in treatment of proximal tibial deformities. The study was designed to assess the functional and radiological outcome and complications of the gradual correction by Ilizarov external fixator. all patient were reviewed clinically by HSSK score and radiologically postoperative. Functional and radiological results were analyzed. In this study, 28 patient with 30 limbs with proximal tibial deformities were treated by gradual correction by Ilizarov external fixator. the were 18 male and 10 female. The age of the patients ranged from 5 to 42 years with an average of 15.9 years. The deformity was genuvarum in 22 limbs and genuvalgum in 8 limbs. The etiology of the deformity was variable ; incloding congenital, traumatic, Malunion and Blount disease. The follow up period ranged from 2 to 5 years with a mean of 2.5 years. The time in the Ilizarov ranged from 3 to 7 months with in an average of 5 months. There was significant improvement of the functional outcome score. Correction of deformity and good alignment of the lower limbs obtained in all patients except one. It was congenital genuvalgum in which deformity recurrence happened after removal of the frame. Complications included pin tract infection, pin breaking, premature consolidation, knee stiffness and ankle equinus. Most of them were treated by nonoperative methods without affecting the course of treatment. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that gradual correction using proximal tibial osteotomy and Ilizarov apparatus is an accurate and reliable technique for correction of proximal tibial deformity. Clinically HSS knee score including function and pain was increased postoperatively, and radiologically, MAD-C, TFA, and mMPTA were significantly improved postoperatively without disturbing the posterior tibial slope due to high versatility of the frame. However, sufficient preoperative discussions should be done with patients or their parents regarding possible complications, since patients’ acceptance and compliance with the frame may be a problem.