الفهرس 
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Abstract
Jaundice is the clinical manifestation of chemical hyperbilirubinemia, newborns appear jaundiced when the serum bilirubin concentration exceeds 7.0 mg/dl, whereas adults appear jaundice only if the serum bilirubin level exceeds 2.0 mg/dl. Hyperbilirubinemia is the commonest morbidity in the neonatal period and 5-10% of all newborns require intervention for pathological jaundice. (Hansen,2012).
Copper is an active component of several enzyme systems, including cytochrome oxidase and superoxide demultase and is essential for prevention of anemia and leucopenia. (Schulpis,2004).
Zinc (Zn) is an essential trace element with various biological effects, depending on its catalytic and structural role in an enormous number of enzymes and “Zn-finger” proteins. (Hassan, 2011).
Magnesium is needed for more than 300 biochemical reactions in the body. It helps maintain normal muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, supports a healthy immune system, and keeps bones strong.
(Saris et al.,2000)
This study included 80 full term neonates divided into 2 groups
Group1: 50 full term neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia (patients) (16 females and 34 males ) with age ranged from 3-7 days they were collected from neonatal care unit of Minia University Hospital in the period from (July to December 2013).
group 2 : 30 apparently healthy full term neonates as a control group
(14 females and 16 males) of matched age and weight.
Neonates < 3days, >7days, bad general condition, significant organomegaly, direct bilirubin >20%, signs of infection in CBC or +ve CRP were excluded from this study.
All neonates were subjected to complete history taking ,thorough clinical examination and laboratory investigation by CBC, CRP, serum Copper, serum Zinc and serum Magnesium.
In this study the serum copper levels in the jaundiced group were significantly higher than those of the control group p value <0.001. In jaundiced group there were significant strong positive correlation between serum copper and total bilirubin r value=0.95
The serum zinc levels in the jaundiced group were significantly lower than those of the control group p value <0.001..There were significant strong negative correlation between serum zinc and total bilirubin with r value= -0.92
The serum Magnesium levels in the jaundiced group were significantly higher than those of the control group p value <0.001..There were significant strong positive correlation between serum magnesium and total bilirubin level with r value= 0.92