الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Dry eye is a disorder of the tear film that is caused by tear deficiency or excessive tear evaporation and this causes variable
degrees of damage to the ocular surface .
The current understanding of the pathogenesis of DES has
proceeded from the mere recognition of a lack of , or altered quality of
tears to recognition of inflammation as the key pathogenic
mechanism, whether from a systemic autoimmune disease or a local
autoimmune event.
Clinical features of DES include an unstable tear film , ocular
surface inflammation , and epitheliopathy, resulting in symptoms
ranging from discomfort to blindness.
An established sequence of diagnostic test is desirable to
prevent one test from interfering with another. They include clinical
diagnostic tests, histopathological tests, laboratory tests.
Significant advances have been made in treating the many
facets of dry eye, but it remains a disorder of long-term maintenance
rather than permanent cure .
Many years ago, the traditional approach to treat dry eye has
been to lubricate the ocular surface by either replacing or conserving
the patient’s tears .
Tear supplementation is the first line of treatment, significant
advances have been made for tear preservation .
Corticosteroids, cyclosporine A have all been used with success
to treat the secondry inflammatory response and consequential cellular
changes of dry eye .