الفهرس 
IntroductionOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a disease defined by abnormalities of fasting or post prandial blood glucose and is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells.
Coeliac disease is heterogenous disorder involving abnormalities in the small intestinal mucosa , which ranges from silent asymptomatic forms to active malabsorption syndromes. Although the pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear, it involves genetic determinants and environmental factors together. Gluten has been identified as the trigger molecule in CD development. The presence of different antibodies (Antigliadin , Tissue transglutaminase Abs) are indicative of possible CD, but diagnostic confirmation is based on histologic examination of specimens obtained in intestinal biopsy .
The association between thyroid disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus is related to autoimmune phenomenon , autoimmune thyroiditis which is often clinically silent but may progress to either overt or subclinical hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism abnormalities in thyroid function test, are found in 20–30% of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetic patients have a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders compared with the normal population and a female preponderance of 2:1 has been reported.
Helicobacter pylori infection affects approximately 50% of the world’s population and is recognized as the major acquired factor in the pathogenesis.