الفهرس 
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Abstract
A total of 120 random samples of cattle and camel carcasses (60 0f each) were collected from the different abattoirs located in Al Qaliubiya governorate. The samples taken from each carcass were represented meat, liver, heart and kidneys (15 samples of each).
The obtained results indicated that the mean values of APC counts/g in the examined samples of cattle were with an average 2.26×104± 0.51×104 , 4.09×104± 0.63×104, 1.95×105± 0.27×105, 6.48×105± 1.89×105 for meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively. Concerning camel APC with an average of 6.13×103± 1.35×103, 2.55×104± 0.49×104 , 5.21×104± 1.16×104, 4.08×105± 0.99×105 for beef, spleen, liver and kidney respectively.
The obtained results indicated that the mean values of coliform counts/g in the examined samples of cattle were with an average of 5.54×102± 1.02×102, 8.92×102± 2.14×102, 9.17×103± 2.35×103, 2.38×104± 0.61×104 for meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively. Concerning camel coliform with an average 2.87×102± 0.50×102, 7.46×102± 1.81×102, 3.09×103± 0.72×102, 3.09×103± 0.72×102 for meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively.
The obtained results indicated that the mean values of the total Staphylococci counts/g in the examined samples of cattle were with an average of 1.28×103± 0.33×103, 2.69×103± 0.47×103, 4.49×103± 1.-06×103, 1.10×104± 0.25×104 for meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively. Concerning camel total Staphylococci counts were with an average of 3.59×102± 0.76×102, 8.11×102± 2.05×102, 1.16×103± 0.30×103, 5.74×103± 1.23×103 for meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively.
The incidence of Enteric bacteria isolated from the examined samples of cattle and camel carcasses Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter aerogenes, Providencia rettgeri, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Citrobacter diversus , Enterobacter agglomerans, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella ozaenae, Serratia marcescens and Enterobacter hafniae .
The obtained results indicated that Enteropathogenic E.coli organisms were 6.67%, 20%, 26.67%, and 40% of the examined samples of cattle meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively. The identified serovars of pathogenic E.coli were O111: H2, O91 : H21, O127 : H6, O26 : H11, O44: H18, O103, H6 , O15, O26 : H11, O124 in meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively.
The obtained results indicated that Enteropathogenic E.coli organisms were 0.0%, 13.33%, 13.33%, and 33.33% of the examined samples of camel meat, spleen, liver and kidney respectively. The identified serovars of pathogenic E.coli were O26 : H11, O55: H7, O111 : H2, O91 : H21, O126 : H21 in spleen, liver and kidneys respectively.
Results achieved indicated that Salmonella organisms were isolated from 13.33%, 20%, 33.33% , 33.33% for beef, spleen, liver and kidney respectively. While in camel were failed to isolated from camel meat , 6.67%, 13.33% , 20% for, spleen, liver and kidneys respectively. The identified serotypes were S.enteritidis, S.Montevideo, S. enteritidis, S.Infantis, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis and S. typhimurium, S.Virchow,S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S.Infantis, S.Virchow and S.Heidlberg.
Regarding to antimicrobial susceptibility applied on E. coli strains isolated from meat and offal of slaughtered cattle and camel, E.coli were highly sensitive to Kanamycin (K) , Salmonella were highly sensitive to Gentamycin (G) and Staphylococcus aureus were highly sensitive to Erythromycin (E).
The isolated strains were investigated by using Multiplex PCR to detect presence of virulent genes (stx1, stx2 and eaeA) in each isolated Strain of E. coli. O15 Positive strain for stx2 gene, O26 & O111 Positive strains for stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes. O44 & O126 Positive strains for stx1 gene. O55 Positive strain for stx2 gene and eaeA genes. O91, O103 & O127 Positive strains for stx1 and stx2 genes O124 negative strains for stx1, stx2 and eaeA genes. The strains which were positive for eaeA gene which encodes intimin, an important binding protein of pathogenic STEC as E. coli O26, O111, O55 and O125 more virulent than other strains not carry this gene and considered more toxigenic and hazardous to consumer health.
Results reveled that S.Enteritidis, S.Typhimurium and S.Infantis positive strains for stn, hilA and fimH genes. S.Virchow positive strain for hilA and fimH genes. S.Montevideo positive strain for stn gene. S.Heidlberg positive strain for fimH gene
The obtained results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus strains found 4 strains carry sea gene , two carry sec gene, two strains carry sed gene and one strains carry seb gene, three strains are negative for three enterotoxins genes.
The public health hazard of the isolated microorganism, as well as the recommended hygienic measures needed to improve the safety and quality of carcasses were discussed.