الفهرس 
ch1Only 14 pages are availabe for public view
 |  | from | 249 |  |  |
| | | from | 249 | | |
Abstract
SUMMARY
The study demonstrated the influence of ginger ethanol
extract (GE) or ginger water suspension (GS) on acute and
chronic hepatotoxicity induced by acetaminophen (APAP) and
on hyperlipidemia induced by a diet enriched with cystine. The
results obtained in the present study showed that treatment of
rats with APAP either at a single dose 2.5 g/kg body weight
(b.w) or with three doses at 500 mg/kg b.w over the period of
2 weeks or with a diet enriched with cystine 5% for 4 weeks
resulted in significant elevations in the activities of serum
alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), alkaline phosphatase
(ALP), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST),
glutathione reductase (GR) and levels of malondialdhyde
(MDA), total cholesterol (T. chol.), triacylglycerol (TAG),
cholesterol in low density lipoprotein (LDL-chol.), T.
chol./high density lipoprotein (HDL-chol.) ratio, LDLchol./HDL-chol.
ratio, and total lipids and significant
reductions in the level of hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH),
activities of hepatic CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), GST,
GR, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and serum HDL-chol. and total
protein levels as compared to control.
Summary
189
Treatment of rats with a single dose of APAP or with a
diet enriched with cystine 5% resulted in reductions in the
levels of alpha-1 and alpha-2 globulins but only treatment with
a single dose of APAP induced a significant reduction in betaglobulin
and albumin as compared to control.
Treatment of rats with GE or GS (150 mg/kg b.w) daily
for 2 weeks followed by an oral treatment with a single dose of
APAP 2.5 g/kg b.w resulted in significant reductions in the
elevated activities of serum ALAT, ALP, CAT, GR, GST and
G-6-PDH and level of serum and hepatic MDA, serum T.
chol., TAG, LDL-chol., T. chol./HDL-chol., LDL-chol./HDLchol.
and total lipids and significant elevations in the reduced
hepatic GSH content, activities of hepatic CAT, SOD, GR,
GST, G-6-PDH and GPx and level of HDL-chol. as compared
with APAP-intoxicated group. Only GE was able to ameliorate
the reduction caused by APAP in the protein profile and
resulted in significant elevations in serum levels of total
protein, albumin and alpha-1 globulin.
Treatment of rats with three equal doses of APAP each
of 500 mg/kg b.w over the period of 2 weeks during which
these animals were daily co-administered with GE or GS (150
mg/kg b.w) resulted in significant reductions in the activities
of serum ALAT, ALP, CAT and G-6-PDH, level of serum and
Summary
190
hepatic MDA, serum T. chol., TAG, LDL-chol., T. chol/HDLchol.,
LDL-chol./HDL-chol. and total lipids and significant
elevations in hepatic GSH content, activities of hepatic CAT,
SOD, GR, GST, G-6-PDH and GPx and level of HDL-chol. as
compared with rats treated only with 500 mg/kg APAP.
Treatment of rats with GE or GS (150 mg/kg b.w) daily
for 2 weeks along with cystine2 weeks after the beginning of
feeding on cystine alone induced a significant decrease in the
activities of serum ALAT, ALP, CAT, GR, GST and G-6-PDH
and level of serum and hepatic MDA, T.chol., TAG, LDLchol.,
T.chol./HDL-chol., LDL-chol./HDL-chol. and total
lipids and significant elevations in the hepatic GSH content,
activities of hepatic CAT, SOD, GST, GR, G-6-PDH and GPx
and serum level of HDL-chol. as compared with data of rats
fed on cystine alone.
Treatment of healthy rats with GE or GS (150 mg/kg)
daily for 2 weeks induced a significant increase in hepatic
GSH content and activities of hepatic G-6-PDH and GPx and a
significant decrease in the level of serum LDL-chol., MDA
and TAG as compared to control animals but on top of that,
GE induced significant elevations in the activities of serum
ALP and hepatic CAT, SOD and GST as compared to control
animals.
In conclusion, GS or GE has been successful in
decreasing the adverse effects resulting from APAP and
Summary
191
cystine. GE is more superior to GS indicating that the nonpolar
constituents of ginger are most likely to be responsible
for the reported protective and therapeutic actions of ginger.