الفهرس 
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Abstract
Camel was domesticated mainly for its meat, milk, hair, hides productionand can be used as a traditional transport, which could be as a source of additional income to nomadic herder.
Camels are susceptible to wide range of parasites that may cause many problems especially protozoal parasites. The importance of protozoal parasites is not only as a direct cause of death but also affect the general health condition of camels.
This study carried out in Behera province. 120 camels of different ages (ranged from 3to 9 years)and of bothsexes were examined during 1st December 2014 till end November 2015. The camel includes 66 males and 54 females, slaughtered at Kom-Hamada abattoir.
Our work was motivated to study the prevalenceof protozoal parasites in camels at Behera province and the morphological picture of the investigated protozoa.
The results revealed that, 105 out of 120 examined camels were found harbored protozoal parasites (87.5%); namely Sarcocystis species: S.cameli and S.cameli-canis (67.5%), Theileria camelensis (45.82%), Anaplasma marginale (15.8%), Trypanosoma evansi (1.67 %), Cryptosporidium parvum (24.17 %), Eimeria species: E. cameli, E. dromedarii and E. pellerdyi (13.33%), Balantidium coli (4.17 %) and Giardia intestinalis (5%).
Examination of 120 camels revealed that, 81 (67.5%) positive for microscopic sarcocysts. Out of 81 positive camels, 44 (54.32%) were females and 37 (45.67%) were males. Our result revealed that, number of positive samples by digestion method were 67 (55.83%) which were higher than that were positive by histopathology which were 58 (48.33%). Out of 58 positive camels, 43 (74.13%) were S. cameli and 15 (25.87 %) were S. cameli-canis. The result revealed that, the rate of infection was 22 (18.33%) in esophagus only and 8 (6.67%) in tongue only and 28 (23.33 %) in both esophagus and tongue, which, indicated that, the infection rate in esophagus and tongue was 50 (41.67 %) and 36 (30 %) in tongue respectively. Seasonal prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. Showed that, the higher prevalence was observed in summer 25 (83.33%), followed by autumn 21 (70%), while the lowest ones were recorded in spring 19 (63.33 %) and winter 16 (53.33%).
Examination of 120 camels’ blood samples revealed that, 55 (45.82%), 2 (1.67 %) and 19 (15.8%) were positive for Theileria camelensis, Trypanosoma evansi and Anaplasma marginale respectively. Our result revealed that, 13(10.8%) of examined blood samples were mixed infection of Theileria camelensis and Anaplasma marginale. The highest prevalence rate of mixed infection was in both spring and autumn 4(13.33%), followed by winter 3(10%), then summer 2(6.67%). Our results revealed that, the highest prevalence rate of blood parasites was in autumn 56.6% followed by spring and summer 53.3%, then winter 46.67%.
Examination of 120 camels’ fecal samples revealed that,29 (24.17 %) was positive for Cryptosporidium parvum. Out of 29, 15male (51.72%) and 14 female (48.27%) were found to be positive. Seasonal dynamics of identified Cryptosporidium parvum indicated that, the highest prevalence was found in winter 18(60%) followed by autumn 6 (20%), then spring 4 (13.3%) and summer 1 (3.33%).
Out of 120 examined camels’ fecal samples 16 (13.33%) were found to be positive for Eimeria spp.. Eimeria spp. were E.cameli (50%), E.dromedarii (31.25%) and, E.pellerdyi (18.75%). Out of 16, 9 male (56.25%) and 7 female (43.75%) were found to be positive. Seasonal dynamics of identified Eimeria spp. indicated that, the highest prevalence was found in winter 11(36.67 %) followed by autumn 5(16.67 %), then spring and summer 0 (0%).
Out of 120 examined camels’ fecal samples 20 (4.17%) were found to be positive for Balantidium coli. Out of 5, 2 male (40 %) and 3 female (60 %) were found to be positive. Seasonal dynamics of identified Balantidium coli indicated that, the highest prevalence was found in spring 7 (23.33%) followed by autumn 6 (20%), then summer 5 (16.67%) and winter 2 (6.67%).
Out of 120 examined camels’ fecal samples 6 (5%) were found to be positive for Giardia intestinalis. Out of 6, 2 male (33.33%) and 4 female (66.67 %) were found to be positive. Seasonal dynamics of identified Giardia intestinalis indicated that, the highest prevalence was found in spring and summer 3 (10%) and 0 in both winter and autumn.
Finally, we discussed these results with the other previous results.