الفهرس 
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Etiology and pathogenesisOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Nausea and vomiting are the most common gastrointestinal diseases affecting women during pregnancy. It is encountered in approximately 80% of all pregnancies. Hyperemesis gravidarum is a
state of severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy,leading to dehydration, electrolyte and acidbase disorders, malnutrition and weight loss (> 5%).The International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, defines HG as persistent and excessive vomiting starting before the end of the 22nd week of gestation and further subdivides the condition into mild and severe, with severe being associated with metabolic disturbances such as
carbohydrate depletion, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalance. HG hospitalizes more than 59,000 pregnant women in the U.S. annually. The incidence of HG varies widelyThe most important serious complication of hyperemesis gravidarum is Wernicke’s encephalopathy. It often is associated with maternal death or permanent neurological disability. The effect of vomiting on the embryo and fetus depends on the severity of the
condition. It includes low birth weight, preterm birth and in most severe
cases,the rate of fetal death is higher Failure to treat early manifestations of hyperemesis gravidarum increases the likelihood of hospital admission for hyperemesis gravidarum.Studies found that women who were taking a multivitamin at the time of conception were less likely to need medical attention for vomiting.