الفهرس 
INTRODUCTNIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
SUMMARY The lack of water is a big problem facing Egypt is likely to worsen in the future as a result of continuously increasing the population. Also, climate change and the deterioration of the quality of water resources, since the majority of renewable water resources in Egypt is agriculture mainly. But the other types of water resources (non-renewable) cannot benefit from them, where the costs are too high, and is what makes their use impossible choice, as it is likely to cause competition from other sectors in reducing agriculture’s share of water resources in general. Therefore, it is a must t looking for new ways to address the salty water to use in agriculture. Egypt has an abundance of salty water either naturally and /or resulted form over sue of the well and most important of these methods is use the magnetic in salt water treatment.
There are several ways to generate a magnetic field, including the following :Using a permanent magnetic field of permanent magnet through using an electric field to generate a magnetic field which is the so-called electromagnetic induction, where that when interrupt the electric field coil wire carries electric current it leads to the generation of a magnetic field according to the base of the right hand and from the AMP-induced magnetic field is generated, and/or the work of the device so that the field is perpendicular to the direction of water flow and not parallel to it.
After the electromagnetic device established it is evaluated in the lab and results showed that:
The average decreasing percentage in water electric conductivity (WEC) was 14.7 % by using 2000 Gauss magnetic field force, and 32.9 % by using 4000 Gauss magnetic field force. This meaning that 4000 Gauss has a double effect on saline water relative to 2000 Gauss.
Ahmed E. Abd El-Ghany (2016), M.Sc., Fac. Agri., Ain shams Univ.
The average decreasing percentage in DCV was 5.33 % by using 2000 Gauss magnetic field force, and 3.36 % by using 4000 Gauss magnetic field force. This meaning that 4000 Gauss has a double effect on saline water relative to 2000 Gauss.
Data revealed that the highest values of germination rate were attained under canal water while the lowest ones were recorded after 4000 ppm treated or not by magnetic force. Barley seeds had a highly response whether for salinity water or treated magnetic one, while the sunflower and wheat had a weak response to salinity and moderately response for the treated magnetic one.
Both germination percentage and rate were improved after irrigation water treated by a magnetic field. Germination percentage and rate were examined in a laboratory experiment to study the impact of water salinity (345, 2000, 4000 ppm) and/or magnetic force (0, 800, 1000 and 2000 Gauss) of different plants (wheat, barley, sorghum, turnip, and sunflower).
Field experiments were carried out on the Experimental Farm of Agricultural Production and Research Station (APRS), National Research Centre (NRC), El Nubaria Province, Egypt.
The field experiment was a split-plot design. The main plots were magnetic forces treatments. Three magnetic forces treatments were used: zero, 1000 and 2000 Gauss. On the other hand, three salinity treatments (canal water, 345, 2000and 4000 ppm) occupied the sub-plots under turnip crop.
Data could be summarized s following:
In the field, for saline water (345 ppm) the distribution uniformity was 84% and Emission uniformity was 89.92 %. for saline water (2000 ppm) the distribution uniformity was 96% and Emission
Ahmed E. Abd El-Ghany (2016), M.Sc., Fac. Agri., Ain shams Univ.
uniformity was 97.48%. , for saline water (4000 ppm) the distribution uniformity was 72% and Emission uniformity was 82.36 %.
Increasing the magnetic field (force) resulted in the formation of the wetting front that has higher water content and moved downward more than 30 cm which may lead to exposing the irrigation water to move beyond the active root zone area especially at the early stage of growth.
Increasing the dripper flow rate and using saline irrigation water up to 345 ppm, the volume of the wetting front become more in both studied directions. The wetting front of treated saline water (2000 and 4000 ppm) reached 30 cm away from the dripper at the soil surface in a horizontal direction and became wider than 50cm at the depth of 25 cm underneath the dripper.
After irrigation using the saline irrigation water applied at the same discharge rate the wetting front of low salt water reached 20 cm in the horizontal direction and more than 40 cm in the vertical direction. With increasing the amount of irrigation water, the effects of initial water contents on the movement of the wetting front and water distribution become more pronounced, where the wetted front that magnetized saline water reached 30 cm in the horizontal direction and more than 25 cm in the vertical direction.
The ability to the treated saline water by magnetic force either 1000 and/or 2000 gauss has a positive effect on the redistributed salinity under drippers through its ability to dissolve more salts from surface layer and leached it out root zone. This finding is clearly under magnetic force 1000 more than 1000 gauss, where accumulated salts on the surface layer under irrigation with saline water do not recognize. Meanwhile, salt distribution under dripper asAhmed E. Abd El-Ghany (2016), M.Sc., Fac. Agri., Ain shams Univ.
affected both water salinity and exposed magnetic force was mainly affected by the amount of irrigation applied, dripper efficiency and water salinity
It could notice that increased salinity irrigation water decrease root density after 2000 and 4000 ppm relative to the control and the same trend was observed of the MF where the untreated root density value was higher than MF1000 and 2000, 0.933/0.935 (1000) MF and 0.934/0.935 (2000) MF. The highest value of root density were (0.96, 0.95, 0.95) attained at the canal water / zero, 4000ppm, 2000pm; canal water /2000ppm, respectively.
Data illustrated that the maximum and minimum values of shoot length and shoot weight were obtained from canal water (1000 magnetic force) and salinity 4000, 2000 ppm without magnetic effect with respect to the salinity effect, canal water has the superior effect on the previous plant characters with values 50.7 cm and 346.5 g/plant while salinity water 4000 has a negative effect on values 45.3cm and 242.8g/plant.
Root yield and density (represent the concentrated solid material); the highest and lowest values of turnip weight were 655.6 g/plant (canal water +MF1000) and 397.9 g/plant (4000ppm+2000MF).
Salinity irrigation water decreased root weight value, but 2000ppm was higher than the canal water followed by 4000ppm. The rate of increase was 33% compared canal water with 4000ppm while 2000 VS 4000ppm was improved by canal water VS 4000ppm 468.1/423.9= 40%.
Magnetic force 1000 guases has a promotive effect on root weight/ plant with value 542.8/457.8 =19%.
Ahmed E. Abd El-Ghany (2016), M.Sc., Fac. Agri., Ain shams Univ.
Most of the vegetative traits to draw had improved significantly magnetic treatment in 1000 but not to the same degree at 2000 gauss. The highest number of water use efficiency obtained from the fresh water treatment 1000 gauss (15.59 kg / m3) was then treated 2,000 gauss. While the lowest number (8.21 kg / m3) when the salinity of 2000 and 1000 gauss magnetic forces.
Finally, it could be concluded that electromagnetic device could help in smallholders cultivated area to maximizing yield production under water salinity condition. MF with 1000 to 4000 Gauss to treating the saline water which equals or less than 4000 ppm. And using MF 1000 Gauss was better than 2000 Gauss.