الفهرس | يوجد فقط 14 صفحة متاحة للعرض العام |
المستخلص Abstract The current research purpose is to identify the effectiveness of a training program for developing attitudes and skills of environmental advocacy among volunteers workers in Sultanate of Oman through framing and discussing some environmental problems and issues in sultanate of Oman and means of protection and resolutions due to scientific and methodological bases Achieving this, the study uses some theoretical lessons and training practical workshops in light of a checklist of environmental issues and public targets of the program. The research population consists of (40) male/female individuals of those volunteers in environmental work in the three sectors from all governorates of the sultanate ( involved governmental authorities in environmental work and civil society represented in civil societies such as Women societies – Omani Environmental Society – and society of Volunteering work). The study instruments include Scale of Environmental Attitudes, Scale of Environmental Advocacy, and pre application of scale on the one-group, then examining the proposed program by the program, then reapplication (post-application) of the two scales, Scale of Environmental Attitudes, Scale of Environmental Advocacy. Results indicate the following: 1- There are significant statistical differences between average scores of the experimental group persons regarding Scale of Environmental Attitudes pre/post application of the program, in favor of the post application. 2- There are significant statistical differences between average scores of the experimental group persons regarding Scale of Environmental Advocacy pre/post application of the program, in favor of the post application. 2 Develop environmental citizenship among members of civil societies working in environment’s field achieving that through the proposed program. A pilot study and several interviews with members in civil societies are administered. Given the point of view, it is evident that there is a shortness in treatment of environmental citizenship and its various dimensions. Current programs and activities presented by societies are reviewed to demonstrate a shortness exists in the targeted role towards the environment, cultivating affiliation, conserve, maintain, and develop the environment. There is also lack of awareness of the concept of environmental citizenship, responsibility, and participation in solving problems and committed to duties, developing resources through sustainable development. Therefore, a program is designed for developing environmental citizenship, and a five axes-scale is designed to include: 1- The attitude towards awareness of concept of environmental citizenship, consisting of (19) items. 2- The attitude towards environmental responsibility, consisting of (3) items. 3- The attitude towards environmental justice, consisting of (3) items. 4- The attitude towards environmental participation, consisting of (10) items. 5- The attitude towards sustainable development, consisting of (15) items. A group of (30) members of civil societies working in environment’s field are selected to be the study sample. Scale of environmental citizenship has been applied to them pre/post administration of the program. Results indicate and assert the effectiveness of the proposed program which is based on workshops, meetings, and seminars for developing environmental citizenship among societies’ members. 1 Summary Research Problem The researcher prepared an explorative study that included: 1. Applying scale of environmental trends of the researcher / Mahmoud Abd El-Aziz, it consists of 30 inquiries and 25 volunteers after analysis of scale results, the study indicated that environmental trends didn’t exceed 25%, this result indicates weakness of their environmental trends. 2. A personal meeting was conducted on a random group of 25 volunteers, of associations in Sultanate of Oman to identify training program to which the volunteers were subjected to in the field of advocacy skills, after analyzing forms, the researcher concluded the following: •Volunteers didn’t organize training programs in field of environmental advocacy. •2% of the sample has a background about environmental advocacy. •They don’t have the ability on solving environmental problems that they face scientifically. •The majority of their solutions and treatment to environmental problems are extemporaneous efforts, direct association with categories and using means of forcing decision makers by random sit-down. All of the previously mentioned indicates weakness of training in environmental advocacy skill and method of change which suggests the 2 need to study a proposed training program that can be generalized in case of stability of its effectiveness on greater group. Research Hypotheses •There are statistical significant differences between degrees average of control group subjects of volunteers in scale of environmental trends before and after applying the program in favor of post application. •There are statistical significant differences between degrees average of control group subjects of volunteers in scale of environmental advocacy skills before and after applying the program in favor of post application. Research Methodology The researcher used semi experimental methodology (only one control group) on a sample of (male – female) volunteers through designing one group and applying program tools and measure tools on them. |