الفهرس 
Epidemiology of StutteringOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Summary
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Summary
Fluency disorder is a speech disorder characterized by deviations in continuity, smoothness, rhythm, and/or effort with which phonologic, lexical, morphologic, and/or syntactic language units are spoken.
The normal dysfluency are characterized by the repetition of whole words, phrases and syllables with occasional interjection and the frequency of dysfluency is less than 5% without any evidence of tension or change of speech rate.
Dysfluency is more common in males than females; the male-to-female ratio is about 3:1 in the first grade and 5:1 in the fifth grade, confirming the hypothesis that the sex ratio increases as children get older.
The problem of stuttering is a complex combination of basic stuttering behavior and complicating ones. In spite of better understanding of stuttering today, stuttering is easier to be recognized than to be defined precisely.
No single, exclusive cause of developmental stuttering is known. A variety of hypotheses and theories suggests multiple factors contributing to stuttering.
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This study aimed to standardize an objective Arabic tool for measurement of stuttering severity and prediction of its chronicity among Arabic speaking normal dysfluency children.
This test was conducted on two groups: first group consists of (100) stuttering children (control group), Age ranged from 3 to 8years. Second group consists of (100) children who have normal non-fluency, age ranged from 3 to 8years, were randomly chosen for the standardization procedure. The SSI Arabic form test, and SPI Arabic form test were applied, during which the patients speech was audio-recorded, to facilitate judging the duration of the moments of stuttering. A follow up was done by SPI on normal dysfluency group every 6ms for 18ms to get a cutoff point between recovering and non-recovering children.
The Arabic S.P.I. is a holistic way of evaluating the severity of stuttering. It gives a single numerical representation of severity from 0 – 40 that includes the sum of scores of the six parameters: reaction, repetition rate, prolongation time, dysfluency rate, speech rate and effect on speech.
As regards, results of test standardization, the Arabic S.P.I showed a high degree of reliability as shown by the highly significant correlation coefficient between inter raters scores. In addition, its validity measures proved to be highly significant
Summary
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using the item analysis (internal consistency) and by correlation to a previous test (Arabic S.S.I 2). To summarize, risk factors affecting non-recovering dysfluency: It is not possible to determine with certainty, which children will continue to stutter, but there are some factors that indicate a greater likelihood of non-recovering. Risk factors that may be associated with persistent stuttering include:
Age of onset-children who start stuttering.
Sex of child, as boys are at higher risk for of stuttering than girls but recovery rate decrease with girls.
Family history of persistent stuttering.
Time duration since onset of greater than 6 to 12 months or no improvement over several months.
Prolongation time and type has great effect.
Co-occurring speech impairment.