الفهرس 
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Abstract
This study was applied on 314 serum samples from cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats. In addition,
93 serum samples from human. Moreover, samples for bacterial isolation were taken from animals. The
overall samples were collected from Bahtim (AI - Qalubia Governorate), Kemn AL Aros and Ahnasya
(Beni Suief Governorate) and Makar Khalil (Fayoum Governorate) .
To measure the association between the risk factor which is the contact of bovines with sheep and
goats, and occurrence of infection with bovine brucellosis. The bovines were classified into two
groups, the first group included bovines in direct contact with sheep and goats reared at houses
.The second group included bovines not in direct contact with sheep and goats reared in closed
private farms.
While to measure the association between the risk factor which is the contact of human with sheep
and goats, and occurrence of infection with human brucellosis, The individuals were classified
into two groups; the first group included individuals in direct contact with sheep and goats.
The second group included individuals in remote contact with sheep and goats.
Samples were collected from sheep and goats in contact with the tested bovines.
The animal sera were screened by Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Buffer Acidified Plate Antigen Test
(BAPAT) then confirmed by Standard Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and Complement Fixation Test
(CFT). While the human sera were screened by Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and the confirmatory Standard
Tube Agglutination Test (STAT) and 2-Mercapto-Ethanol Test (2-MET) were applied.
The final result of the serological diagnosis of brucellosis in animals revealed 10 positive
reactors of bovines out of 232 animals tested .in addition 6 sheep and goats were positive out
of
82 animals tested. B.melitensis sub type 3 was isolated from cattle, buffaloes, sheep and
goats.
from the results reported in table (24) the epidemiological studies were conducted to measure
the association between contact of bovines with sheep and goats, and occurrence of infection with
bovine brucellosis. And this study concluded that:
- Prevalence of brucellosis in bovines in contact with sheep and goats is 10.86%.
- Prevalence of brucellosis in bovines not in contact with sheep
and goats is 2.68%.
- Brucellosis is 4.05 times more likely to occur among cattle and buffaloes exposed to sheep and
goats than among those with no such exposure.
- The additional risk of brucellosis in the tested cattle and buffaloes that may be attributed to
contact with sheep and goats is 818 cases per 10000.
- 75% of brucellosis cases in the tested cattle and buffaloes
exposed to sheep and goats are attributable to contact with sheep and goats.
- The additional risk of brucellosis in cattle and buffaloes population that may be attributed to
contact with sheep and goats is 162 cases per 10000
- 37% of brucellosis cases in cattle and buffalo population are
attributed to contact with sheep and goats.
from the results reported in table (24) Statistical inference using Chi-square test was applied to
measure statistically the degree of association ·between the risk factor which is the contact of
bovines
with sheep and goats, and occurrence of infection with bovine brucellosis. And the test revealed
at 1 degree of freedom a chi square value 5.98 and P is equal or less than 0.025 which confirms
the presence of significant association between the contact of bovines with sheep and goats, and
occurrence of infection with bovine brucellosis.
In respect of human being, the confirmatory serological tests for brucellosis revealed 6 Positive
reactors out of 93 tested individuals.
from the results reported in table (26) the epidemiological studies were established to measure
the association between contact of human with sheep and goats, and occurrence of infection with
human brucellosis. And this study concluded that:
- Prevalence of brucellosis in human in contact with sheep and goats is 11.1%.
Prevalence of brucellosis in human not in contact with sheep and goats is 3.5 %.
- Brucellosis is 3.17 times more likely to occur among human
individuals exposed to sheep and goats than among those with no such exposure.
The additional risk of brucellosis in the human individuals that
may be attributed to contact with sheep and goats is 760 cases per 10000.
68% of brucellosis cases in the tested human individuals
exposed to sheep and goats are attributable to contact with sheep and goats.
The additional risk of brucellosis in human population that may be attributed to contact with sheep
and goats is 295 cases per 10000.
45% of brucellosis cases in human population are attributed to contact with sheep and goats.
The Chi-square test revealed at 1 degree of freedom a chi-square value 2.11, P is equal or less
than 0.2 which confirms the association between the contact of human with sheep and goats, and
occurrence of infection with human brucellosis is not significant and the association revealed in
the measures of association is a result of chance during samples collection. This finding does not
exclude the risk of sheep and goats in context of human brucellosis, if the indirect role of
transmission of infection is considered ( from sheep and goats to bovines then from bovines to
human).