الفهرس 
INTRODUCTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Fifteen female patients had been selected for this study. The selected patients exhibited bilateral distal extension mandibular edentulous areas with the first premolars as the last standing abutments.
The selected patients were randomly divided into three equal groups according to the planned used retainer.
group A : patients received removable partial dentures retained by RPA clasps.
group B : patients received removable partial dentures retained by extracoronal attachments (Elephant type D 1000).
group C : patients received removable partial dentures retained by telescopic crowns.
The effect of each retainer on the denture supporting structures was evaluated by measuring:
1- Crestal bone height changes around the abutment teeth.
2- Changes in alveolar bone height of the residual ridge.
3- Pocket depth around abutments.
4- Gingival index of the abutments.
Periapical radiographs were made following the long cone parallel technique for evaluating bone height changes around the abutments and on the residual ridges, 20mm distal to the abutments.
Pocket depth was measured by graduated periodontal proble and gingival index, was scored according to Loe and Silness(95) gingival index.
All the collected data at time of denture insertion and every three months for 18 months were arranged, tabulated and statistically analyzed.
The results obtained from this study showed that, there was significant bone loss around the abutment teeth and on the residual ridge for all patient at the end of the follow up period.
Patients rehabilitated with telescopic retained RPDs showed the least amount of bone loss, while patients receiving clasp retained RPDs showed the greatest bone loss. Patients receiving extracoronal attachment retained RPDs showed less amount of bone loss.
The increase in pocket depth was approximately similar in all patients of the three groups.
Patients receiving telescopic retained RPDs recorded the lowest gingival index scores compared to patients of the other two groups.