الفهرس 
titelOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Abydos is one of the oldest archaeological sites in Upper Egypt. It is located in the western flood plain of the River Nile at Sohag Governorate, and about 13 km west of the River Nile course. This site is threatened by groundwater rise. The research aimed to understand the natural hydrogeological balance and possible changes that are being forced upon the area by nature and human activities. It is demonstrated that groundwater and soil-moisture monitoring, combined with 3D transient modeling are potentially effective methods to improve the understanding of preservation conditions in complex archaeological surroundings and, therefore, protection of preservation constructions in situ. Ultimately, the numerical model is used as a tool to predict changes in hydraulic head and phreatic levels as a consequence of natural or human changes at the site. A 3D-grondwater flow modeling approach was presumed to model the groundwater level changes within the area to investigate possible recharge and then suggesting the most feasible protection solutions for this important archaeological site by suggesting appropriate scenarios. The finite element model code Feflow was used to simulate the groundwater flow at Abydos site. Based on borehole descriptions, geological mapping, hydrogeological data, and field observations, the numerical model was constructed using 2 model layers. The model layers were constructed using a digital elevation model, spatially interpreted borehole data and cross sections. The model was run first under early conceptual or intermediate (steady state) modeling stages