الفهرس 
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Abstract
The present thesis attempts to analyze the function of language in Henry Brooks Adams’s Democracy: An American Novel based upon a pragmatic point of view. Pragmatics, to begin with, studies the factors that govern our choice of language in social interaction and the effects of our choice on others. It is a systematic way of explaining language use in context. It seeks to explain aspects of meaning which cannot be found in the plain sense of words or structures, as explained by semantics. As a field of language study, pragmatics is fairly new. Its origins lie in philosophy of language and the American philosophical school of pragmatism. As a discipline within language science, its roots lie in the work of Herbert Paul Grice on conversational implicature and the cooperative principle, and on the work of Stephen Levinson, Penelope Brown and Geoff Leech on politeness. The thesis deals with three components of pragmatics: Deixis (Chapter Two), Implicature(Chapter Three), and Speech Acts(Chapter Four). The main aim is to highlight the implications of the work under consideration as a political novel.