الفهرس 
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Abstract
•The work presented in this thesis deals with the preparation of activated carbon (ACS) from low cost agricultural residues and modified it by ligands (MACSs) for removal of metals (lead and aluminium) and methylene blue and brilliant green dyes. •from study their adsorption capacities towards dyes and heavy metals found that, ACS 18.07, 46.02, 149.00 and 205.42 mg/g for Al, Pb, BG and MB, respectively. MACS-EDTA 61.46 and 245.35 mg/g for Al and Pb, respectively. •The adsorption, spectrophotometric determination of Pb(II) and Al(III) from aqueous solution and different environmental water samples using PPS, ACS and MACSs. Also, MB and BG dyes using ACS.•Modification of bentonite (Bn) by CTAB surfactant to produce (MBn-CTAB) was investigated for removal of Alizarin Red S and Methyl Orange dyes. •from study their adsorption capacities towards dyes found that, Bn 12.90 and 26.75 mg/g for ARS. MBn-CTAP 79.56 and 180.33 mg/g for MO. •The adsorption, spectrophotometric determination of ARS from aqueous solution and different environmental water samples using MBn-CTAB.