الفهرس 
INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTIONOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION (IUGR) IS DEFINED AS FETAL GROWTH SLOWER THAN THE NORMAL GROWTH POTENTIAL OF A SPECIFIC FETUS BECAUSE OF GENETIC OR ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS (MURKI AND SHARMA, 2014). IUGR IS ASSOCIATED WITH A HIGH INCIDENCE OF PERINATAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY (MUHAMMAD ET AL., 2010). IUGR NEONATES HAVE A GREATER RISK OF HYPOXIC-ISCHAEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE AND NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS WITH LONGER HOSPITAL STAY AND HIGHER HEALTH CARE COSTS (ROSS, 2008). INCIDENCE OF A FETUS DEVELOPING A SMALL SIZE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE (SGA) IS ABOUT 8% (VIŠNJEVAC ET AL., 2011).
IRON DEFICIENCY HAS ITS KNOWN DELETERIOUS EFFECT IN PREGNANCY BUT IRON LOADING MAY BE ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE DAMAGE TO CELLS AND TISSUES. IT HAS BEEN SHOWN IN VARIOUS STUDIES THAT LOWER LEVEL OF TRANSFERRITIN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN PLACENTA IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREECLAMPSIA AND IUGR. THIS CAN LEAD TO DECREASE EXTRACTION OF IRON BY PLACENTA from MATERNAL SERUM LEADING TO INCREASE MATERNAL SERUM FERRITIN. THIS FETAL IRON DEFICIENCY LEADS TO INCREASE IN FETAL CORTICOTROPINS AND FETAL CORTISOL, CAUSING INHIBITION OF FETAL GROWTH (BINDAL ET AL., 2015).