الفهرس 
RadiationOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
The present investigation was conducted to investigate
the effect of acrylonitrile as an important organic nitrile which
is widely used in the manufacturing of fibers and plastics, also,
the exposure to gamma radiation that induce oxidative stress on
liver tissues, and evaluate the role of hesperidin in recovery and
improvement.
In the present study a total number of 80 albino rats were
used, they were divided into eight groups as follows;
C = Control group received orally a mixture of
dimethyl sulphoxide and water (1: 9, v/v).
ACN = Rats received acrylonitrile orally in a daily
dose of 50 mg/kg b. w. for 4 weeks.
R = Rats exposed to gamma radiation
accumulative dose up to 6Gy (1.5Gy/week).
Hes = Rats received hesperidin orally in a daily dose
of 100 mg/kg b. w. for 4 weeks.
ACN+R = Rats received acrylonitrile orally in a daily
dose of 50 mg/kg b. w. for 4 weeks and
exposed to gamma radiation accumulative
dose up to 6Gy (1.5Gy/week)
ACN+ Hes = Rats received acrylonitrile orally in a daily
dose of 50 mg/kg b. w. and hesperidin of 100
mg/kg b. w. for 4 weeks.
R+ Hes = Rats exposed to gamma radiation
accumulative dose up to 6Gy (1.5Gy/week)and received hesperidin orally in a daily dose
of 100 mg/kg b. w. for 4 weeks.
R+ ACN
+Hes
= Rats exposed to gamma radiation
accumulative dose up to 6Gy (1.5Gy/week)
and received acrylonitrile orally in a daily
dose of 50 mg/kg b. w. and hesperidin of 100
mg/kg b. w. for 4 weeks.
Animals were randomly selected from each group after 2
and 4 weeks of the experiment.
The present study investigated the following:
Histopathological studies
The same histological findings were observed in the
livers of R, ACN, ACN+R groups when compared to the
controls. Treated rats have displayed deleterious alterations in
their liver tissues. The most striking histopathological signs of
liver injuries are:
Conspicuous disorganization of liver tissues with distinct
detachment of the hepatic strands from each other.
Marked congestion and dilatation of hepatic sinusoids,
central and portal veins.
Remarkable abundance of the infiltrative inflammatory
cellular infiltration, which was extensively prevailing
around the portal tract.
Occurrence of the cellular necrotic lesions.
Also, the nuclei showed different histopathological injuries
such as pyknosis, Karyorrhexis, karyolysis.The electron microscopy investigation
The electron microscopic examination of those groups
showed,
Swollen fused mitochondria with deteriorated cristae.
Fragmented cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, free
ribosomes.
The hepatocyte showed an increase in number of lysosomes
and lipid droplets.
Erosion of some parts of cell membrane.
The hepatic sinusoids appeared dilated and containing
deformed Kupffer cells with abnormal nuclei.
Nuclear lesions were observed as ill-defined electron
translucent nuclei with ruptured membrane and irregular
outer boundary.
Administration of hesperidin post gamma irradiation and
/or acrylonitrile, showed ameliorative effect and marked
improvement in the liver tissue.
Histochemical studies:
Polysaccharide content:
Liver specimens of R, ACN, R+ACN groups, revealed
marked depletion of the polysaccharide materials in the liver
cells.
Administration of hesperidin post gamma irradiation and
/or acrylonitrile presented marked restoration of polysaccharide
inclusions and an improvement of carbohydrate metabolism
indicated by moderate to strong reactivity for polysaccharide
material of the hepatocytes.Total proteins:
Liver specimens of R, ACN, R+ACN groups, revealed
decreased liver total proteins content; the hepatocytes were
seen to have undergone a noticeable diminution in the pattern
of coloration of their proteinic inclusions.
Administration of hesperidin post gamma irradiation and
/or acrylonitrile showed an overall improvement of protein
content indicated by mild to moderate reduction of protein
content of the hepatocytes.