الفهرس 
AcknowledgementOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
During the three years of the investigations, it was found that the prevalence rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis of buffaloes at the area of study where 6.67% and 52.31% respectively (n = 780).Clinically, it was found that (6.67%) of the Examined dairy buffalo (n = 780) were clinically positive to mastitis in a variable forms, per acute and acute /subacute and chronic forms. The later form (67.31%) was more prevalent than the former (32.69%), which was associated with severe systemic reactions in form of anorexia, fever, tachycardia,tachypnea in association with severe pain in the infected quarters with lameness of the neighboring legs. These severe reactions might relate to the predominant isolated mastitis pathogen, Staphyloccocus aureus which elaborates various powerful necrotizing toxins inside the mammary tissues causing serious local and systemic illness.
The relationship between the lactation numbers of the examined dairy buffaloes and the prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was monitored and statistically studied using linear regression with confidence by F-testANOVA. The statistical analysis of the collected data concluded that the prevalence rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis of the examined dairy buffaloes was primarily increased by increasing lactation numbers until the third lactation season (peak infection, 9.87% and 73.68%, respectively). Subsequent increasing in the lactation numbers gradually decreases, where the infection rate with clinical ranged from 9.87% to 2.5% and with subclinical mastitis was ranged from 73.68% to 10%.. This statistically referring to a strong negative correlation relationship (correlation coefficient, r=-0.99, and is highly significant at the 0.01 level). The highly significant (P˃0,01) negative correlation between the lactation numbers of the dairy buffaloes and prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis may refer to a build-up of acquired immunity by subsequent lactation seasons.
Bacteriologically, the bacteriological examinations of the collected milk samples of buffaloes with clinical and subclinical mastitis concluded that Staphyloccocus aureus (54.26%) was the predominant isolated mastitis pathogens followed byco-agulase negative Staphylocci (22.69%), Streptococcus agalactia(19.50%), α-haemolytic Streptococci (2.66%), E.coli(0.89%). This may indicates to the veterinary importance of Staph. aureus as a major cause of mastitis of dairy buffaloes.
In referring to the antimicrobial sensitivity tests of
the most frequently isolated mastitis pathogens , Staphyloccocus aureus to different members of antimicrobial compound, it was found that cephalosporins group (cefquinome andCephoperazone), Quinolones group (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin), Tetracyclines group (Oxytetracycline), Glycopeptides (Vancomycin) had strong inhibitory effects on Staph. aureus strains in-vitro,followed byAminoglucosides group (Tobramycin) and Penicillin group (penicillase Sensitive penicillin: penicillin G, Penicillase resistant penicillin: Amoxacillin and Cloxacillin) came in the last order from the effectiveness point of veiw .
PCR technique was done for bacteriologically negative results and reveal that 12 of 26 (46.15%) were still positive for Staph. aureus referring to the beneficial value of PCR technique
from eleven subclinically infected buffaloes selected on the basis of positivity Staph. aureus bacteriologically, another ecological factors that permit the successful treatment and good, regular and effective follow-up, and high sensitivity of the isolated strains to cefquinome in-vetro as active ingredient in cobactan. These cases were treated with cobactan L.C, flunixin and vit. E and Selenium. Only four cases were respond to treatment (negative for CMT and bacteriological examination for three successive times) with cure rate 36.36%, three cases were discarded from the trials that giving variable results for CMT and positive results for three successive times bacteriologically, three cases were shedding Staph. aureus in milk intermittently and only one case was progressed to clinical type forming an abscess whereas it surgically interfered.