الفهرس 
Difficulties regarding Implantation in the posterior maxilla:
Treatment options for atrophied posterior maxillaOnly 14 pages are availabe for public view
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Abstract
Implant placement into the posterior maxilla often creates a challenge due to deficiency of maxillary alveolar bone, progressive hyperpneuma tization of the maxillary sinuses, increasedocclusal forces and high frequency of poor bone quality. A variety of surgical techniques have been developed to increase the vertical bone height in the posterior maxilla The most common intraoperative complication of sinus elevation is tearing of the schneiderian membrane, which could allow for bacterial complication of the graft or dispersion of the graft into the sinus cavity. Crestal approach sinus augmentation procedure was introduced using safe side/ end cutting drill with vertical stoppers for elevation of the sinus membrane using the sinus crestal approach (SCA) kit. There is still controversy regarding the necessity of simultaneous grafting materials in sinus floor elevation procedure. Porous titanium granules (PTG) represent a new possibility in augmenting osseous defects in the field of regeneration Few studies had been conducted for evaluation of reamer crestal sinus floor elevation technique with and without grafting material, or for the evaluation of PTG and collagen membrane in transalveolar approach in periodontally compromised patients. The primary objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the sinus floor elevation with non invasive (SCA technique in periodontally compromised patient with and without the use of porous titanium granules PTG) and collagen membrane as augmentation material. Fourteen patients (5 males and 9 females) with partial edentulous atrophic maxilla indicated
for sinus lifting and dental implant installation were the subjects of this study.Patient’s age ranged from 26 to 56 years with a mean of 41 Years. The