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Abstract A blood transfusion may be required for a variety of reasons, include: anaemia, preoperative preparation, postoperatively if blood loss is excessive, despite efforts made during surgery to prevent/minimize blood loss, hemorrhage causing hypovolemia (as road traffic accident), and blood diseases requiring transfusion of clotting factors or platelets. However, transfusions have been associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality in specific patient populations, including critically ill, cardiac surgery and trauma patients, and there is increasing evidence for independent relationships between RBC transfusion and infectious complications, cardiac and respiratory morbidity, prolonged length of stay (LOS) and mortality after cardiac surgery. Aim of the study Evaluate effect of blood transfusion precaution on patient’s outcomes undergoing open heart surgery in Cardiothoracic ICU unit in El-Minia University Hospital. The study was conducted at the cardiothoracic ICU unit in Minia University Hospital. The sample of the study was in the form of convenient sample of 60 adult patients (male and female) divided equally into two groups (control group and intervention group). The sample included patients’ whom 1st post-operative hour after open heart surgery in ICU, Maximum age 65 years, Patients attached to mechanical ventilator with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5. The current study excluded all patients whom are admitted with chronic diseases as Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Hypertension or chronic lung diseases and, any patient with hemoglobin level less than 8 mg/dl in the immediate postoperative period. Tools of the study One tool designed and used by the researcher for collecting data for this study Part one (I): This covers the sociodemographic characteristics of the studied groups (control group and study group) in table I- (1) which shows the sociodemographic characteristics in regarding to age, sex, marital status, and education. Table I- (2) which shows anthropometric data weight, height and body mass index (BMI). Table I- (3) which shows hospital and ICU stay. Table I- (4) which shows operation type. Part two (II): Includes data about the distribution percentage of the studied groups (control group and study group) in relation to their clinical and assessment data in preoperative, 1st postoperative hour and 7th postoperative day, in table II- (5) which show vital signs (body temperature, pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure and CVP). Table II- (6) which show arterial blood gases (PH, PCO2, PaO2, HCO3 and SaO2. Table II-(7) which show blood picture (Hb, RBCs, WBCs, Platelets count and WBCs). Table II- (8) shows WBCs differential (Segmented neutrophils, Monocytes, Lymphocytes and Eosinophils). Table II- (9) shows INR, Prothrombin Time (PT), and Prothrombin Concentration (PC). Table II- (10) shows renal function tests Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), S. creatinine, Na+, and K++. Table II- (11) shows liver function tests SGOT, SGPT, S. total protein, S. albumin, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. Table II- (12) shows Comparison between study & control groups as regards operation data includes duration of operation, time of bypass, ischemic time, type of blood units, No. of blood units, intravenous fluid amount. Table II- (13) assessment of wound postoperative 1st postoperative hour and 7th postoperative day of the studied groups (control group and study group) includes wound discharge. |